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 PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY — BOOKS OF REFERENCE 507

Production and Industry.— Arizona, with its dry climate, is not well suited for agriculture, but along the watercourses and where irrigation is used the soil is productive. In Maricopa County 50,000 acres of long staple Egyptian cotton is under cultivation. The wide pasture-lands in this State are favourable for the rearing of cattle and sheep. Several large reservoirs for the storage of water have Wen and are being constructed by the United States and State Government, notably the Roosevelt <!ani, which supplies water to the rich Salt River Valley District, of which Phoenix is the principal city. The Government completed the Yuma project, by which the waters of the lower Colorado River are brought to the Arizona bide under the river by means of an inverted syphon.

In 1919 Arizona contained 21,000 farms, of which 4,000 were Indian. There were 600,000 acres, ol improved land. The most important crops were as follows :— Cotton, 110,000 lales ; wheat, S64.000 bushels ; corn, 644,000 bushels ; barley, 680,000 bushels ; hay, 380,000 tons ; oata, 481,000 bushels ; beans, 75,000 bushels ; and potatoes, 450,000 bushels. On January 1, 1921, there were 120,000 horses, 12,000 mules, 45,000 milk cows, and 1,100,000 other cattle, 1,200,000 sheen, and 40,000 swine. The wool clip in 1919 amounted to 5,366,000 pounds of wool. The national forests in the State have an area (1919) of 11,154,923 acres, and just receutly the Grand Canyon has been made a National Park.

The mining industries of the State are important. The output of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc from mines in Arizona in 1919 had a total value or about 108,707,000 dollars. The production of gold was 4,231,000 dollars. The mine output of silver in 1919 was 4,927,00'! ounces, and the valuation 5,479,800 dollars. The mine output of cop]»er 522,000,000 and th« valuation was 98,296,000 dollars. The mine production of lead amounted to 10,100,000 pounds, and the value of it was 575,000 dollars. The output of recoverable zinc was about 1,717,000 in 1919, and the total valuation 125,000 dollars.

The capital invested in manufacturing industries in the State in 1910 amounted to 32,873,000 dollars ; the raw material used cost 33,600,000 dollars, and the output was valued at 50,257,000 dollars. By far the most important of the industries is copper smelting and refining, for which there were 8 establishments with a capital of 21,487,000 dollars, employing an average number of 3,129 wage-earners, using material costing 12,486,782 dollars, and giving an output valued at 29,242,000 dollars. Other industries are car construction and repair by railway companies showing an output worth 2,394,000 dollars; lumber and timber working, and flour and prUt milling with an output of 1,082,000 dollars.

The lower course of the Colorado river is the only navigable waterway of the State. In 1920 there were 2,477 miles of railroad, the princi]>al lines being the Southern Pacific, the Santa Fe Pacific, and the Santa Fe' Prescott and Phoenix. There are 57 miles of electric railway.

In 1920 there were 3 savings banks in the State with 10,000 depositors, who had to their credit 3,915,524 dollars.

Books of Reference.

Tke Reports of the various Executive Departments of the State. Census Bulletins. Census of Manufactures, 1910. Washington, 1913. Hamilton (P. ), The Resources of Arizona. Arizona, 1881.

Noblt (L. F.), The Shinumo Quadrangle, Grand Canyon District, Arizona. (U.S Oeol. Butt., Bulletin 549.) Washington, 1914.