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 312 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — MANITOBA

Books of Reference.

The Official Reports of the Yarious Departments (Mines, Forestry, Fisheries, and Agriculture).

British Columbia Tear Book. Victoria, British Columbia.

Brown (A. G.), British Columbia. Its history, people, commerce, industries and resources. London, 1912.

Collison (W. H.), In the Wake of the War Canoe. London, 1915.

Fairford (F.), British Columbia. London, 1914.

Galloway (C. F. J.), The Call of the West; letters from^British Columbia. 1916.

Gotnell (It. B.), Year Book of British Columbia. London.

Thornhill (J. B.), British Columbia in the Making, 1913. London, 1913.

Set also under Canada.

MANITOBA.

Constitution and Government. — Manitoba was known as the Red River Settlement before its entry into the Dominion in 1870. The Provin- cial Government is administered by a Lieutenant-Governor and a Legislative Assembly of 55 members elected for five years. Women have been enfranchised, and may be members of Parliament. Proportional representa- tion has been adopted for the 10 seats in the City of Winnipeg.

Lieutenant-Governor. — His Honour Sir J. A. M. Aikins, K.B.

The Members of the Ministry are as follows : —

Premier, Commissioner of Railways and Commissioner of Provincial Lands. — Hon. T. C. Norris.

Provincial Secretary and Municipal Commissioner. — Hon. J. W. Armstrong, M.D.

Minister of Education. — Hon. R. S. Thornton, M.D.

Minister of Public Works. — Hon. G. A. Grierson.

Attorney-General. — Hon. T. H. Johnson.

Provincial Treasurer. — Hon. Edward Brown.

Minister of Agriculture and Immigration. — Hon. Geo. H. J. Malcolm,

State of parties in Legislative Assembly (1920) : Liberal (Government), 21 ; Conservatives, 8 ; Labour, 11 ; Farmer Independents, 15.

Area and Population. — The area of the Province is 251,832 square miles, of which 231,926 sq. miles are land area and 19,906 sq. miles water. In 1912 its boundaries were extended to the shores of Hudson's Bay. (See map Statesman's Year Book, 1912.) The population in 1911 was 461,630 and in 1916, 553,860. In 1920, Dominion Government estimate, 620,000. In 1901 the population was 255,211, thus showing an increase by 1916 of 117 per cent. The rural population in 1916 was 312,846 (184,775 in 1901). The number of houses in 1916 was 104,656 (49,784 in 1901) ; the number of families in 1916 was 117,532, (51,056 in 1901). Population of the principal cities (1919) : — Winnipeg (capital), 186,000 (Greater Winnipeg, 276,000; Brandon, 15,225 ; Portage la Prairie, 5,892; St. Boniface, 11,021.

Instruction- — Education is locally controlled, as in all the provi and is supported by local taxation and Government grants. Winnipeg has an Agricultural College (opened 1906) with 460 long course and 662 short course students in 1919-20. The University of Manitoba, founded in 1877 in Winnipeg, has (in 1919) 1,239 students in ail courses. There are (1919) 3,097 teachers and 109,923 pupils in the 3,089 public schools. Total ex- penditure on education in 1919, 6,618,739 dollars.