Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/345

 PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY 293

are covered with commercial timber. This is distributed by provinces as follows : —

Acres. Acres

British Columbia. . 50,000,000 Quebec 100,000,000

Manitoba, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick .... 9.000,000

Alberta 11,000,000 Nora Scotia 5,000,000

Ontario 70.000.000

The forest products exported to the United Kingdom in 1919-20 amounted in value to 30,249,000 dollars, out of a total of 105, 337, 000 dollars. The estimated value of the total forest products for the calendar year 1918 was 190,000,000 dollars. The exportable surplus of the wood pulp industry was 41,383,482 dollars in 1919-20, chiefly to Great Britain and the United States. The Crown forests belong to the Provincial Govern- ments, except in Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the Railway Belt (forty miles wide) in British Columbia, where they belong to the Dominion. The total capital invested in the lumber industry in 1918 was 182,254,740 dollars. The aggregate value of production (lumber, lath, shingles, etc.) was 146.333.192 dollars (Ontario, 42,872,958 dollars; Quebec, 40,199,895; British Columbia, 39,442,660 ; New Brunswick, 14,977,974 dollars). There were 3,085 mills; 60,868 persons employed; wages and salaries came to 49,786,122 dollars ; cost of materials and mill supplies, 45,876,832 dollars ; cost of fuel and miscellaneous supplies, 24,299,638 dollars.

Fisheries. — The coast line of the Atlantic Provinces, from the Bay of Fundy to the Strait of Belle Isle, without taking into account the lesser baya and indentations, measures over 5,000 miles. On the Pacific coast the Province of British Columbia, because of its numerous islands, bays, and fiords, has a sea-washed shore of 7,000 miles. In addition to this immense salt-water fishing area Canada has 220,000 square miles of fresh water abundantly stocked with many species of excellent food fishes.

The fisheries of the Atlantic coast may be divided into two distinct classes: The deep sea, which take cod, haddock, hake, pollock, and halibut ; and the inshore or coastal, which take cod, hake, haddock, pollock, halibut, herring, mackerel, alewife, shad, smelt, flounder, and sardine. The most extensive lobster fishery known is carried on along the eastern shore of Canada, while excellent oyster beds exist in many parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The salmon fishery is the predominant one on the Pacific coast, but an important halibut fishery is also carried on. The inland lake fisheries yield whitefish, trout, pickerel, pike, sturgeon, and fresh-water herring. In the calendar yeai 1918 the capital invested in vessels, gear, canneries, etc. (including working capital and stocks on hand) was 60,212,863 dollars. The total value of the produce of the fisheries of Canada in that year was 60,250,544 dollars. The principal kinds of fish caught were: salmon, 17,869,517 dollars ; lobsters, 3,531,104 dollars ; codfish, 10,368,596 dollars ; herrings, 4,719,561 dollars ; halibut, 5,490,226 dollars ; haddock, 2,796,171 dollars ; sardines, 2,320,513 dollars ; whitefish, 1,927,863 dollars. The exports were valued at 37,137,072 dollars. The exports of dry-salted codfish were 57,036,800 lb. ; canned lobsters, 4,890,200 lb. ; fresh lobsters, 4,249,900 lb. ; canned salmon, 47,813,700 lb. The number of persons employed in 1918 was 87,070, including those in shore work and canneries. The number of factories and canneries in opera- tion in 1918 was 939. In 1918, according to provinces, the values were : Nova Scotia, 15,153,066 dollars ; British Columbia, 27,282,223 dollars ; New Brunswick, 6,298,990 dollars ; Quebec, 4,568,773 dollars ; Ontario, 3,175,111 dollars; Prince Edward Island, 1,148,201 dollars; Manitoba, 1,830,435 dollars; Saskatchewan, 447,012 dollars; Alberta, 318,913 dollars ; and Yukon, 37,820 dollars.