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 158 THE BRITISH EMPIRE : — BALUCHISTAN

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BALUCHISTAN.

CrOVeninieilt, &C. — A country occupying the extreme western corner of the Indian Empire, approximately between lat. 24° 54' and 32° 4' N., and between long. 60' 56' and 70° 15' E. ; extreme length from E. to W. about 550 miles ; breadth about 450 ; area, 134,638 square miles ; population (1911 census), 834,703. Bounded on the N. by Afghanistan and the North- West Frontier Province, on the E. by Sindh, the Panjab, and a part of the Frontier Province, on the S. by the Arabian Sea, on the W. by Persia, the boundary disputes with which were settled in 1905. The main divisions constituting an area of 134,638 square miles are : (1) British Baluchistan proper, with an area of about 9,096 square miles, consisting of tracts assigned to the British Government by treaty in 1879 ; (2) Agency Terri- tories, with an area of about 45,132 square miles, composed of tracts which have from time to time been acquired by lease, or otherwise brought under control, and placed directly under British ofhcers ; and (3) the native States of Kalat and Las Bela, with an area of about 80,410 square miles, the former consisting of a confederation of tribes under the Khan of Kalat, and stretching westwards to Persia, while tho latter occupies the alluvial valley between the Pab and Hala ranges from the sea to Bela.

British and Administered Territory. — British Residents were appointed to the courts of the Khans of Kalat from tho middle of the nineteenth century, and British expeditions passed through the Boliin on their way to Kandahar and Afghanistan, but up to 1876 the country was considered independent. In 1875 Sir Robert Sandeman, the founder of the Baluchistan Province, first entered the country ; in 1877 the cantonment of Quetta, which is now the headquarters of the Administration, was occupied by British troops, and in 1879 the administration of the district was taken over on behalf of the Khan of Kalat. After the Afghan war, 1878-81, the districts of Pisbin, Shorarud, Duki, Sibi, and Shahrig were assigned to the British and in