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 120 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES

was 6,630,000?., excluding extraordinary and debt expenditure of 5,253, 0007. By the Local Self-Government Acts of 1883-84, the elective principle was extended, in a large or small measure, all over India. In all larger towns, and in many of the smaller towns, the majority of members of committees are elected by the ratepayers ; everywhere the majority of town committees consists of Indians, and in many committees all the members are Indians. In many municipalities women have the right to vote, and in a few they are eligible for election. For rural tracts, except in Burma, there were 739 district and sub-district Boards, and 535 Union Panchnyats in Madras, 281 Union Committees in Bengal, and 38 in Bihar and Orissa, with 17,592 members in 1918-19, 7,144 being elected. These Boards are in charge of roads, district schools, markets, public health institutions, &c. Their aggregate income in 1918-19, excluding debt items, was 5,770,000/., and expenditure (excluding debt items), 5,134,000*.

Area and Population.

I. Progress and Present Position of the Population. The population in the following table is in millions and two decimals.

British Territory,

Year

1861 1871 1881

Area in sq. mis.

856,000 860,000 875,186

Population

(millions*)

196-00 195 84 199 20

Year

Area in aq. mis.

1891 | 964,993 1901 1,097,901 1911 1,093,074

Population (millions)

221-38 231-61 244-27

Following are the leading details of the census of March 15, 1901, and that of March 10, 1911 : —

British Provinces

Ajmer-Merwara

Andamans and Nicobars

Assam

Baluchistan

Bengal

Bihar and Orissa

Bihar.

Orissa.

Cbota Nagpur. Bombay (Presidency)

Bombay

Sind.

Aden. Burma

Central Provinces and Beritr

Central Provinces

Berar. Coorg Madras

Area in

square miles

(1911)

2,711

8,148

53,015

54,228

78,699

83,181

42,861

18,743

27,077

123,059

78,998

46,986

80

230,839

99,828

82,037

17,766

1,582

142,380

Population in 1011

501,395

26,459

6,713,635

414,412

45,483,077

84,490,184

28,762,969

5,181,753

5. 605,302

19,672,648

16,113,042

8,513,485

46,106

12,115,217

18,910,808

10,869.146

8,067,162

174,976

41,405,404

Population in 1901

11,971,452

9,217,486

2,764,016

180,607

88,229,654

Increase or Decrease 1901-1911

+ 24,488

+ 1,810

+ 871,757

+ 32,806

+ 8,841.600

+ 1,247,801

+ 892,757

+ 140,611

! 70t,tM

i l,Ua,8M

+ 80S, 270

+■ 302,556

+ 9,191

+ 1,624,698

+ 1,944,856

+ 1,641,710

+ 803,146

- 5,031

+ 3,175,750

Pop. \,tr

sq. mile

1911

185 8 127 S 578 416 561 873 207 160 21 o

ll

577 .VJ

139

178

111 291