Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/159

 CYPRUS 107

Mltton (G. E. j, The Lost Cities of Ceylon. London. I91C.

Oxford ^urvev of British Empire. Vol.11. London. 19H.

Skinntr (Major), Fifty Tiais in Ceylon. London, 1891.

TennanU (E.), History of Cevlon. London, l«i9.

WiH-renuuinph< (Din M. de 7..\ Epigraphia Z°vlanica. London, 1917.

The Mahavansa— An Historical Narrative of Sinhalese Kin^s of Oylon, from 543 B.C. to ISIS a.d. Translated by Tumour and Wtfesinh ; another Translation by Prof. W. Geiger, 1S11

Chriitmai Island. See Straits Sbttlbments.

CYPRUS.

High Commissioner.— U. Stevenson, C.M.G. Salary, 3,000/., and Duty Allowance, 6001.

Chief Secretary.— J. C. D. Fenn. Salary, 1,400/.

The island is the third largest in the Mediterranean, 40 miles from the coast of Asia Minor and 60 from the coast of Syria. It was administered until November 5, 1914, by Great Britain, under a convention concluded with the Sultan of Turkey at Constantinople, Jnne 4, 1878, but on the outbreak of hostilities with Turkey on November 5, 1914, the island was annexed. The High Commissioner has the usual powers of a Colonial Governor. There is an Executive Council, consisting of the Chief Secretary, the King's Advocate, the Treasurer, with three locally resident additional members. The Legislature consists of eighteen members, six being office holders, including the Chief Secretary, the King's Advocate, and the Treasurer, and twelve elected (for five years), three by Mohammedan and nine by non-Mohammedan voters. The voters are all male British sub- jects, or foreigners twenty-one years of age, who have resided five years, and are payers of any of the taxes known as 'Verghis.' Municipal conncils exist in the principal towns, elected practically by all resident householders and ratepayers. Those eligible to the council must be voters rated upon property of the annual value of from 10/. to 20/., according to population. Area 3,584 square miles. Population, Census 1911 : — 139,383 males, 134.725 females ; total, 274,108 (including 144 military population). Mohammedans (Ottoman Turks) 56,428 ; Christians (Autocephalous Church of Cyprus), 214,480 ; others, 3,200. Inhabitants per square mile, 76 48. Estimated population, December 31, 1920, 315.219 exclusive of military. Birth rate, 1916, 28"1 per 1,000 ; death-rate, 17 *1.

The principal towns are Nicosia (the capital), 18,461 ; Larnaca, 10,652 ; Limasol, 11,843: Famagusta and Varoshia, 6,127; Paphos and Ktema, 3,946; Kyrenia, 1,986. There are six administrative districts named after these towns.

The system of elementary education is designed *o that each race in the island has its own schools. Besides elementary schools there were in 1919-20 3 Gymnasiums, a commercial Lyceum, 1 ' Greek high school ' for boys and a ■ high school ' for girls, a Priests' Training School, and two Moslem High Schools, one for boys find one for girls. The Government contributed (1919-20) 12,000/. to education. Total expenditure on elementary and se:ondary education, 52.469/. Total number of elementary S'hoolsin 1919-20, 739 (501 Greek -Christian, 231 Moslem. 4 Armenian and 3 Maronit**) ; teachers, 925 in elementary schools, of whom 65 5 were Greek-Christian and 272 Moslem. Totai enrolment in elementary schools, 42,059, comprising 7,554 Moslem, 34,273 Greek -Christian, 100 Armenian, and 132 Maronites. There are 11 weekly newspa]>ers in Greek.

The law courts consist of (1) a supreme court of civil and criminal appeal ; (2) six assize courts, having unlimited criminal jurisdiction ;