Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1394

 1342

TURKEY

methods are antiquated. The coast of the Mediterranean produces excellent sponges, the Red Sea mother-of-pearl, and the Persian Gulf pearls.

Manufactures. — Industries in Turkey are mostly quite primitive. There is a tendency to start factories on a small scale, but the supply of labour seems likely to prove a difficulty. At Panderma there is a woollen yarn spinning mill belonging to the Oriental Carpet Manufacturers' Company, which pro- duces 2,750,000 lbs. annually, and employs 140 hands. Cotton spinning is carried on in the vilayets of Aidin and Adana, and in the capital. There are five main establishments, two in Constantinople, two in Smyrna, and one in Magnesia, and four factories of lesser importance in Adana. The latter have a total of 10,000 spindles, the former 40,800 spindles, making 50,800 spindles for the cotton manufacturing industry of the country.

Commerce.

The total trade of Turkey in various years ending March 13 has been as follows (£T1 of 100 piastres = 18 shillings, or £T10 = 91., or 10/. = £T11):—

Years

Imports

Exports

II

Years

I uiports

Exports

1909-10 1910-11 1911-12

£T 31.432,231 42,555,9h0 1 45,009,130

18,439,071 22,079,710 24,719,130

1912-13 1913-14 1916-17'

£T

43,551,035 40,809,6SO 22, 100,304

£T 23,921,320 21,436,120 34,058,581

i September, 1916, to February, 1917.

Turkish trade for 2 years was distributed among the principal countries as follows : —

Imports

Exports

Country

1913-14

1916-17 (second half)

iom iA 1016-17 1 " 13-14 (second half)

United Kingdom Austria-Hungary France. Germany Russia. Bulgaria Rumania Greece. Italy

Netherlands Egypt. United States

£T

8,128,690 6,146,720 '1,860 4,688,740 8,816,690

270,100 1,987,

137,180 2,699,000

022, S 10 1,481,210 1.080,490

40.809.6S0

£T

13,876

9,651,923

2,654

6,138,847

77,656

851,597

429,612

1,187

741

104,623

891

£T

4,660,460

2.2:11,150

4,289,480

1,227,160

881,040

261,000

626,850

243,880

927,260

388,660

1,948,320

1,878,660

£T

7,548,683 24,787,966

1,069,949

7,966

z

672

Total of all cc

untr

es.

22,10:>,304

21,436 120 j 34,058,581

The principal imports from Asiatic Turkey into the United Kingdom and exports to Asiatic Turkey from the United Kingdom (according to Board of Trade Returns) in two years were : —