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 REFERENCES CONCERNING SPAIN AND COLONIES 1297

9,000 square miles, settled by various treaties, 1900 to 1912. The Colonies are under the governorship of the Canary Islands, with a sub-governor resident at Rio de Oro. The capital of this colonv is Villa Cisneros (lat- 23° 46' 55' N., long. 18° 11' 13* west of Paris). There is no town called Rio de Oro, the name being applied to the arm of the sea and the colony generally.

lfni was ceded to Spain by Morocco in 1860. By the Franco-Spanish agreement of 1912 it extends along the West Coast of Morocco to the north of Wadi Draa, from Wad Nun on the south to Wad Bit Sedra on the north, and a distance of 15 miles inland from the coast. The occupation is purely nominal. Area, 965 square miles, population, 20,000. There are several small harbours and villages ; the population is engaged in fishing, and in cultivating dates and garden produce.

The Spanish territory on the Gulf of Guinea, extends from the Muni to the Campo river and the Cameroons, its eastern boundary being on the meridian of 11° 20' E. -of Greenwich. The capital is Stmta Isabel, in the Island of Fernando Po, which has an area of 1,185 square miles. The principal mountain is known as the Pico de Santa Isabel, or Clarence Peak (10,190 feet). The island is considered one of the most fertile spots on the West Coast of Africa. The other possessions of Spain in the Gulf of Guinea comprise the Islands of Annobon (6^ square miles), Little Elobey (35 acres), Great Elobey (f square mile) and Corisco (5£ square miles), and the district of Rio Muni on the mainland (9,470 square miles), the prin- cipal town of which is Bata. The coast region is low and marshy and contains vast forests. The vegetation is luxuriant and at places along the coast there are Spanish, French, and English factories. But there are no harbours and the rivers are all inaccessible to vessels. The population of Fernando Poo is 12,108. There are about 250 to 300 Europeans in the island, about 30 of these being British. The population of Little Elobey is 222. Great Elobey is covered with bush ; its population is 123. Corisco has a population of 845 and Annobon of 1,313, while the population of Rio Muni territory is estimated at 130 whites and 89,000 natives. All the colonies are under the control of a Governor-General, resident at Santa Isabel. A Sub- Governor is appointed to the district of Bata and another to the district of Elobey, which includes the Islands of Corisco and Annobon. The aborigines of Fernando Po are called Bubis. Those of Elobey and Corisco are mostly of the Benga tribe, but like the people of Annobon they take the names of their respective islands. In Bata the Pamwes are the principal tribe. There are Catholic and American Presbyterian missions at work among the natives. Spain has given to France the right of pre-emption in case of the sale of any of these African colonies or the adjacent islands. Imports in 1917 from Fernando Poo to Spain, 6,261,379 pesetas, exports from Spain to Fernando Poo, 3,137,750 pesetas.

Books of Reference concerning Spain and Colonies.

Anaario Estadistico de Espafia. First year. 1914. Madrid. Annual.

The publications of the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works ; of Public Instruction ; of Marine ; of War ; of Finance ; of the Instituto Geograflco y Estadistico (Census, Ac ).

Nomenclatorde las ciudades, villas, lugares, aldeas, y demas entidades de poblaciou de Espafia, formado por la Direccion General del Instituto Geograflco y Estadistico con referencia al 31 de Diciembre de 1900. 2 vols. Madrid, 1904.

Censo de la poblacion de Espafia el 31 de diciembre de 1910. Tomo i. la. 8vo. 1913. (The Geographical and Statistical Institute.)

Foreign Office Reports, Annual Series and Miscellaneous Series. London.

Mtamira y Crevea (R.), Historia de Espana y de la Civilizacion Espaiiola. S vols. Barcelona, 1902.

Baedeker' t Spain and Portugal. 4th ed. Leipzig and London, 1913.

Bard (T.), Historia de Espafia. Barcelona, 1911.

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