Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1281

 RELIGION — INSTRUCTION

1229

Cmucc

Caucasia — continued.


 * itinu«d

(chiefly in 1

Romanovskii (11) !

31,632

ehatka

Saliauv(lO).

' Kar»(10)

27,500


 * Yekaterinodar

66,700


 * a^97).

-::..6":

Central Ana

ossiisk

Siberia

(chiefly in 1913)—

64,700

•Tashkent

272,300

(10)

(eU 1

.

135,800


 * Kutais.

Kokand (11)

Maikop.

and fin)

Yeisk (It)

vo«tok(ll)

Andizhan (11).

Balakhany-Sabunchi


 * Krasnoyarsk.

Namangan (11)

(04).

50,131


 * Chita

'Askhabad

53,900

Alexandropol(ll)

" Blagovyeshchensk.

62,500

Marghelan (Starri)

Annavir(12).

(in.

49,319


 * Batum.

46,000

(11)

Osh(ll).

.a (11).

Barnaul (11).

61,330

•Uralsk

Nukha(ll).

41.804


 * Khabarovsk

•M,3on

Khojent (12).
 * Vyernyi.

Labinskaya

3".,."»I9

Nikolsk-Ussurii*k(im7

Pyatigorsk

35,307

Petroj*vl<_>Tsk

a 940

•>en.ii>alatinsk

34,600

Gnwnyi

Holbuk


 * K;i.-lanai

29.000


 * Erivan

. 34,000

Tyumen (08J.

33,791

•V

14,000


 * Chief towns.

Religion.

The Soyiet Government has disestablished the Church and appropriated its property. Since the revolution of March, 1917, all religions may be freely professed in the Empire. The prevailing religion of the country is the Gneco-Russian, officially called the Orthodox Faith. It has its own independent synod, but maintains the relations of a sister Church with the four Orthodox patriarchates of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The Holy Synod, the board of government of the Russian Church, was established in 1721 ; to it was committed the superintendence of the religious affairs of the Empire. It was composed of the three metro- politans (Potrograd, Moscow, and Kiev), the archbishop of Georgia (Cauca-us), and several bishops sitting in turn.

It is estimated that there are more than 12,000,000 dissenters in Great Russia alone. The atfairs of the Roman Catholic Church are entrusted to a Collegium, and those of the Lutheran Church to a Consistory, both settled at Petro^rad. Roman Catholics are most numerous in the former Polish provinces, Lutherans in those of the Baltic, and Mohammedans in Eastern and Southern Russia, while the Jews are almost entirely settled in the towns and larger villages of the western and south-western provinces.

Before the Revolution, Russia was divided into 65 bishoprics {cparchiya), which were under 3 metropolitans, 14 archbishops, and 50 bishops ; the latter had under them 37 vicars ; all of them were of the monastic clergy. The management of Church affairs was in the hands of 62 ' consistoria. ' For Roman Catholics there was an Archbishop of Warsaw and another of Mohilev, each with six suffragan bishoprics. Of the sulfragans of Mohilev one was of the Graeco-Ruthenian rite, of which rite there was another bishop immediately subject to Rome.

Instruction.

According to official Soviet information, the highest educational authority in the country is centred in the Commissariat for Education, which has