Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1268

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RUMANIA

with 93 teachers and 1,435 students ; 75 professional schools for boys with 334 teachers and 3,221 students, and 54 for girls with 535 teachers ; 25 commercial schools with 216 teachers and 4,656 pupils; 25 agricultural schools with 59 teachers and 669 pupils ; ] 1 schools of domestic economy for girls with 35 teachers and 201 pupils. There are 4 universities : at Bucharest, founded in 1864 (239 professors and 4,644 students), lasi (Jassy), founded in 1860 (172 professors and 952 students), Cluj (Kolozsvar), in Transylvania, founded in 1919 (1,980 students in 1920), and Cernauti (Czernowitz), in Bukovina, founded in 1920.

Justice is administered by a court of cassation, 11 appeal courts, 64 tribunals, and 494 justices of the peace. The prison population in 1919 numbered -9,259 (6,815 men, 973 women, 1,367 boys, and 104 girls). Assis- tance is given to the sick in 168 hospitals and hospices (departmental, com- munal, rural, and private).

Finance.

The following table shows (in sterling converted at pre-war parity) the estimated revenue and expenditure for years ending March 31 (old style) : —

-

1917-18 1918-19

1919-20

1920-21

1921-22

Revenue Expenditure

£

7,480,000 31,480,000

£ 16,760,000 65,840,000

£ 45,600,000 165,080,000

£

244,036,800 241,446,878

£ 208,800,000 199,250,035

The main items of the budget for 1920-21 were as follows : —

Direct taxe* Indirect taxes Stamps and fees. State monopolies Public services. State domains Subventions Special revenues

Total

Lei

461,000,000 1,900,890,000

575,250,000 1,035,000,000 1,651,120,000

165,673,000 29,1*7,000

299,118,000

6,115,920,000

Expenditure

Ministry of War

,, ,, Finance.

,, ,, Education

,, ,, the Interior.

,, „ Public Works.

,, ,, Justice.

,, ,, Agriculture.

,, ,, Commerce and

Industry

,, ,, Foreign Affairs Cabinet .... Special expenditure.

Total. .

6,036,171,987

The public debt of Rumania amounted on April 1, 1921, to 20,311,293,312 lei, of which 3,733,862,452 lei is the consolidated debt, and 121,500,000 lei the floating debt. This is exclusive of the proportions of the public debts of Austria-Hungary and Russia which have been as.su med by Rumania, the total of which is estimated at 10,000,000,000 lei.

Defence.

Military service in Rumania is compulsory and universal from the ages of 21 to 46. The normal terms of service are 2 years in the infantry and 3 years in the other arms, followed by 5, or 4, years in the reserve of the first