Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1242

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POLAND

The following table shows for the districts named the area and crop of the principal agricultural products in 1919 and 1920 : —

Districts t Years

ConnressPoland

1919

1920

Western Galicia

1919

1920

Eastern Galicia :

1919

1920

Former Prussian Poland :

1919

1920

Grand Total :

1919

1920

Wheat

Area

1,000 Hec- tares 268 363

125 130

140 260

599 827

Crop

1 ,000 Metric tons 273 315

94 102

Rye

Area

1,000 Hec- tares 1,844 1,731

285 244

137 i 280 185 | 413

106 95

603

697

1,000 915

Crop

1,000 Metric

tons 1,702 1,013

220 139

200 210

1,300 723

3,409 3,422 3,303 ; 2,085

Barley

Area Crop

1.000 Hec- tares 342 322

9C

103

40

228

185

188

663 841

1,000 Metric tons

392

335

35

190

2S7 256

782 878

Area I Crop

Potatoes Area Crop

1.000 Hec- tares 648

847

235 233

70 344

215 224

1,168 1,645

1 000 i 1,000 1,000

Metric Htc- Metric

ons tares tons

765 7C0 6,985

9.493

187 24S

60

319

170 909

ISO 1,906

80 266

31S 375

325 378

1,330 1,870

570 3,193

4,444 4,546

1,686 12, Pi is

1,671 19,138

Other important crops are sugar (168,000 tons in 1920-21) beet, hemp, hops, tobacco and chicory.

On July 16, 1920, a law was passed by the Sejm by which it wa-i decided to limit the size of the larger estates, and to diminish the size of holdings situated in the neighbourhood of large towns. The first measures for putting this law into practice are now being taken. The maximum has been fixed at 60 hectares for estates situated in industrial districts, at 400 hectares for Posen, Podolia, Volhynia, &c, and at 180 hectares for the other parts of the Polish Republic.

In 1912 Poland possessed 2,847,000 horses, 6,918,000 cattle, 2,389,000 sheep, and 6,185,000 pigs.

Industry. — There are four industrial centres in Poland, viz., Warsaw, Lodz, Dabrowa, and Czestochowa.

The damage done to the coal industry by the Germans during the occu- pation of Poland has for the present greatly lowered the output and seriously allected other industries. The total output of coal in Congress Poland and Galicia in 1919 was 6,145,027 tons, only 68 per cent, of the output in 1913 ; of brown coal 173,000 tons, or 112 per cent, as compared with 1913. The output of ore in 1919 was 830,640 tons, as compared with 107,000 in 1913. The output of iron and steel in 1919 was 16,180 tons. In March, 1920, there were 8 furnaces, with a monthly output of 9,700 tons, compared with 42 furnaces aud a monthly output of 87,000 tons in 1913 : rolling mills in March, 1920 : 4 rolling mills, with monthly output of 2,400 tons, as compared with 9 in 1913, and output of 39,000 tons. The production of mineral salt in 1920 was 282.673 tons ; the supply is said to be nearly inexhaustible; the production of rock oil in Galicia in 1910 was 1,766,000 tons ; of potassium salts in Galicia in 1911, 37,000 tons. Galicia produces about 5 per cent, of the total petroleum output oi the world. In the textile industry in 1920 there were 485 works, with 750,580 spindles aud 12,922 looms, employing 40,800 workmen. Other important industries are paper manufactures of vat ions kinds, and the chief that of paper hag products, which are gradually recovering from the effects of t lie war. In 1920 only 34 per cent, of the workmen employed before the war were at work.