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mark on the coast oi the hay, its area being about 2,500 square miles, and population about 1,200,000. At Tsing-Tau there is one middle school, one girls high school, 3 higher primary schools, schools for teaching Chinese to the •lapiuese, with a total of 123 teachers and 2,615 pupils in 1920. There are also 37 public schools for Chinese pupils, with 134 teachers and 2,965 pupils. For the year 1914 the revenue was estimated at 403,000/. and the expenditure 920,500/.

The products are wheat, fruits, beans, ground-nuts, sweet potatoes, Ac., and silk culture, coal mining, bi z, brewing, soap-making are

carried on, and there is a prosperous silk factory. Over 1,000 Chinese were employed on the floating dock. At Kiau-Chauiu 1919 the imports amounted to 69,557,059 Mexican dollars and the export* to 69, 131,550 dollars. The chief imports were cotton goods, cigarettes, metals, petroleum, lumber, and dyes. The chief exports were ground nut and bean oil, wheat, tobacco leaf, and Shantung pongees. In 1919 1,293 steamers of 1,933,895 tons entered and cleared at Kiau-Chan. Of this total 1,061 steamers of 1,573,634 tons were Japanese and 102 steamers of 273,402 tons British. A railway, Tsing-Tau to Tsinan, is 277 miles long.

The number of Japanese residents (exclusive of the military) was on August 30, 1920, 28,336 (15,303 males and 13,033 females).

On August 6, 1915, an agreement was entered into between the Chinese and Japanese Governments providing for the re-opening of the Chinese Maritime Customs at Tsing-Tau on conditions similar to those in force during the German occupation.

Books of Reference.

Behmr (F.) and Kritgtr (M.), Guide to Tsingtau and its Surroundings. 2nd ed Wcssel, 1006.

Rtttt- War tegs (E. Ton), Schantung und DeutschChina. Leipzig, 1808.

Hirth (F.), Schantung nnd Kiau-tschou. Munchen, 1808.

Janton{\. von), Tsingtau : Brwert), Blut<? und Verluat. Berlin, 1015.

Jonet(J.), The Fall of Tsing-tan. London, 1916.

Riekthofen (F. von), Schantung und seine Kingangspforte Kiautachou. Berlin. 1S9*.

Pacific Islands. -Under the Treaty of Versailles Japan was appointed mandatory to the former German possessions north of the Equator. These in- clude : — (l)The Marianne (or Ladrone) Islands — By treaty of February 12, 1899, these islands, with the exception of Guam (the largest of the Marianne Islands) ceded to the United States in 1898, passed on October 1, 1899, from Spanish to German possession for payment of 840,000/. Sipan is the seat of Government. The Japanese population of the islands numbers 1,754, and the natives 3,638. The northern group is actively volcanic and uninhabited.

(2) The Caroline Islands. — The Carolines consist of about 500 coral islets, Ponape having about 2,000 inhabitants, Yap 7,155, and Kusai 400 The population is mainly of Malay origin, with some Chinese and Japanese The chief export is copra. For administrative purposes the islands were divided into two groups : (a) the Eastern Carolines, with Truk and Ponape as the centres of administration. Tiiere are in Truk 169 Japanese, 5 Euro peans, and 15,004 natives ; in Ponape there are 193 Japanese, 5 Europeans and 6,778 natives, (b) The Western Carolines, with Palau and Yap a; administrative centres. There are in Palau 206 Japanese, 4,598 native-

1 European, and 15 Chinese. In Yap there are 76 Japanese, 8,537 natives, and 3 Europeans.

(3) Marshall Islands. — The Marshall Islands, consisting of two chains or

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