Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1110

 1058 japan : KiAtr-CHAtr

Hokotd or the Pescadores consist of about 12 islands, with a total area of about 50 square miles.

Japanese Sakhalin (or Karafuto) consists of that portion of Sakhalin which lies to the south of the parallel of 50° north latitude. It has an area of about 13,148 sq. miles, and, in 1918, a population of 79,131 (44,460 males and 34,671 females). Census population, 1920, 105,765. The most important industry of the island is the herring fishery, but large areas are fit for agriculture and pasturage, and Japanese settlers have been provided with seed and domestic animals. There is a vast forest area of larch and fir trees. The minerals found are coal and alluvial gold ; coal raised in 1918, 104,695 tons.

The revenue for 1920-21 is estimated at 9,704,619 yen, and expenditure the same.

The leased Territory of Kwantung, the southern part of the Liaotung Peninsula, has an area of about 538 sq. miles, and a population (December 31, 1919) of 600,644 (341,673 males and 258,971 females), of whom 534,849 (228,834 females) are Chinese and 65,692 (30,093 females) Japanese (exclusive of army and navy). The Territory is under a Japanese governor-general, the seat of administration being at Dairen (or Tairend, formerly called Dalny), where in 1915 there were 77 schools with 14,984 pupils ; also an American Presbyterian Mission with a church and a hospital.

The estimated revenue and expenditure for 1920-21 balance at 12,246,092 yen.

The chief agricultural products of the Territory are maize, millet, beans, wheat, buckwheat, rice, tobacco, hemp, and various vegetables. There is an active fishing industry. The chief manufactured product is salt, which is abundant in the Territory. Since July 1, 1907, the Territory forms a Customs district under the Chinese Imperial Customs, Dairen being the Customs port, with out-stations at Kinchow, Pulantien, Pitzewo, and Port Arthur. The port is free, goods being subject to duty only on crossing the frontier of the leased territory. The trade is mostly with Japan and China. Imports (1919), 107,186,929 haikwan taels (tael = about is. id.) ; exports, 103,733,007 yen. Dairen has a fine harbour, ice-free all the year, and protected by a breakwater 1,000 yards long. The harbour is provided with sheds and ware- houses, under the control of the Manchuria Railway Company. The rail- way connects Port Arthur and Dairen with Mukden, Kharbin, and the Eastern Chinese Railway System.

Gold and silver coin and the notes of the Yokohama specie bank are current.

Kiau-Chau. — Kiau-Chau, on the east coast of the Chinese province of Shan-tung, was seized by Germany in November, 1897 ; the town, harbour, and district were by treaty transferred to Germany on a 99 years' lease, March 6, 1898 ; and the district was declared a Protectorate of the German Empire, April 27, 1898. In November, 1914, the territory was captured by Japanese and British forces, and is now administered by Japan under a mandate.

Area, about 200 square miles, exclusive of the bay (about 200 square miles). There are 33 townships, and a population of about 227,000. Surrounding the district and bay is a neutral zone, whose outer limit is 30 miles from highwater