Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1048

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HUNGARY

Hungary has four universities all maintained bj the State. In the first semester of the year 1916-17 the University of Budapest had 526 pro- fessors and 3,950 students (4,589 in 1920-21) ; the University of Kolozsvar, 165 professors and 420 students; the Universities of Pozsony (Pressburg) 19 professors and 147 students, and Debreczen 38 professors and 257 students — the last two having been founded in 1912. There are also 42 theological colleges, viz., 25 Roman Catholic, 4 Greek Catholic, 3 Greek Oriental, 7 Protestant, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Jewish, with a total of 238 professors and 1,355 students ; and 8 law schools with 90 professors and 729 students. The technical high school (poly technicum) in Budapest has 120 professors and 727 students. In Old Hungary there were 5 academies of agriculture, 1 veterinary college, 1 high school for mining and forestry, 1 Oriental com- mercial academy, 2 courses of the commercial academy, and 1 high school for plastic and graphic arts. In the school-year 1916-17 there were 66 bigh commercial schools separately for boys and girls, 1 industrial school of art, 4 bigh industrial schools. There were 49 industrial schools.

In 1915, 1,248 periodicals of various kinds were published in Hungary, 311 being political papers. Of the whole, 941 were in Hungarian, 43 in Hungarian with another language 130 in German, the rest being in Slo- vakish, Croatian, Servian, Ruthenian, French, Italian, &c.

Justice and Crime.

In the former Kingdom of Hungary the ordinary judicial authorities were: — The Supreme Court in Budapest and the Supreme Court of Justice (Table of Septemvirs) in Zagrab (Agram), of the highest instance in all civil and criminal matters ; 12 Tables of second instance. As courts of first instance, 76 county courts (torvenyszekek) with collegiate judgeships : 458 district courts (jarasbirosagok) with single judges ; 15 jury courts, (sajtobirosagok) for press offences, besides an army special court.

There are 11 penal establishments in Hungary for males, and 1 for females.

Pauperism.

In Hungary poor relief is in the main left to communal administration. Iu the smaller communes orphans and the indigent are cared for by official guardians and overseers, while in the larger there are poor-houses, the funds being mostly derived from fines and taxes. The number of asylums for paupers and orphans is about 300. The Church and charitable societies also render assistance, and several millions of crowns are annually bestowed in legacies and gifts towards benevolent purposes.

Finance.

Expenditure and revenue in thousands of krouen : —

•

1911

1912

1913

1914-151

1917-18 2

1920-21 1

Expenditure Revenue.

1,768,849 1,830,779

2,013,261

2,31S,51S

2,264,097

3,003,4S9 3,003,536

10,020,000 2(1,210,000

i Estimates.

2 There were no budgets voted between 1914-15 and 1917-18.