Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1921.djvu/1021

 INSTRUCTION — FINANCE 969

called the Holj Synod, consisting of the Metropolitan of Athens and 4 archbishops and bishops, who must during their year of office reside at the seat of the executive. The Orthodox Church has 3 archbishops and 29 bishops in the old territory and 59 archbishops and bishops in the new territories, including 1 metropolitan and 6 bishops in Crete. The Roman Catholic Church has an archbishop at Athens, another at Corfu, and a third at Xaxns ; and 1 bishop at Syra, Tinos, and Santorin respectively.

Instruction.

All children between the ages of six and twelve years must attend school, but the law is not well enforced in country districts Of the army recruits 30 per cent, are illiterate, and 15 percent, can read only. Probably the per- centage is higher when the recruits from the new territories are included.

There were (1917-18) 6,799 primary schools with 8,641 teachers (of whom 3,990 were of the female sex; and 476,695 pnpils (174,805 females). For secondary education there v j h schools, 425 middle schools, having

55,408 pupils (50,997 boys and 5,311 girls). There are 2 agricultural schools in Greece wit li, together, 150 pupils. There is a Trade and Industrial Academy. The Government Commercial Schools at Athens, Volo, Salonica and Patras

ogether 326 pupils. In 1912 the two Universities of Athei - National University 'founded 1836) and the Capodistria Univei- ordinary professors, 106 lecturers, and 3,250 students studying medicine, law. philosophy, theology, and chemistry. Of the total number, 800 were from abroad, chiefly from Turkey. The Polytechnic, with 22 professors and 170 students, provides instruction in painting, sculpture, mechanics, architecture, surveying, etc.

The cost of primary instruction is borne by the State. It amounts to some 10 million drachmai annually.

The Ministry of Education is also charged with the Service of Antiquities, managed by an Archaeological Council, which is responsible for the conservation and reparation of ancient monuments of all periods (Prehistoric, Classical, Byzantine and Medisval), the upkeep of museums and the conduct of excavations. The service is well organised and efficient: it has carried out the difficult and expensive work of repairing the Parthenon and other buildings on the Acropolis at Athens. There is an archajo logical department of the Ministry to which the provincial inspectors ('■phora) of antiquities repast.

British Science is represented in Athens by the British School of Archaeology, which, by the aid of grants from the Government, uuiven and private subscribers, is aide to encourage and carry out scientific research of all kinds, but especially art, archaeology and history. Members of the school have in recent years been responsible for the excavations at Kn in Crete, in Milo, at Sparta, in Thessaly, and elsewhere. There are also similar French, American, Italian, Austrian and German institutions.

Finance.

The estimates of ordinary revenue and expenditnie for 6 years are as follows : —

Year

Revenue

Expenditure

Year

Revenue

Expenditure

1917-18

£

i :.:■.'•.

!5,i3U,043

17,807,963

19,001^91

14,VJ8,«3 17,01.

IVJ0--M

4b',9>

t

51.V60.3W