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 LIPPE — lObboi 949

The quantity of coal raised iu 1914 was 379,635 tons to the value of f>92,883 marks ; and iron, 751,285 tons, valuesen. 2nd ed. Dai mstadt, 1909.

HeuUr (C), Ges.hichte von Hessen. Caasel, 1S91. — Hessische Landes- nnd Volka- kunde. 2 vols. Marburg, 1904-06.

Stickler (F.). Bearl*itet von Braun (A. E.) nnd Weber (A. K.). Verfaasungs und Verwaltungsrecht des Grossh. Hessen. 5 Bde. Darmstadt, 1894-97.

Kueiurl(l\.). Grossherzogtum Hessen. Snd ed. Gi.ss.-n, 1893.

Ztll>r(X)T. W.), Handbuch der Verfassung and VerwsJtung im Grossh. Hessen. SBde- Darmstadt. 1885-93.

Hessisches Burgerbuch. Darmstadt, 1909. — Hessisehes Verkehrsbnch. Darmstadt

LIPPE.

(Frkistaat LlPPE.)

Lippe became a Republic in November, 1918. The provisional Constitu- tion bears date February 13, 1919. The Landtag has 21 members, elected on January 24, 1921, and divided as follows — Majority Socialists, 8 ; German Nationals, 5 ; German People's Partv. 4 ; Democrats, 2 ; Trade Union Federation, 1 ; and Communist, 1. The Cabinet has 3 memljers.

Except 5,925 Catholics and 780 Jews (1910), the people are Protestants. Marriages, 1918, 756 ; births, 2,091 ; deaths, 3,569 ; stillborn, 75 ; illegitimate, 158. The capital, Detmohl, has 14,295 inhabitants (1910).' Area 469 square miles ; population 1919, 154,318 (71,117 males and 83,201 females).

For 1919-1920 the revenue was estimated at 4,576,562 marks, and expenditure at 4,645.399 marks. Public debt in 1919, 1,885,470 marks.

In November 1915, a State bank was established, with its seat in Detmold.

Reference.

Lippischer Staatsanzeiger.

LUBECE.

(Frkik uxd Hanse-Stadt Lubeck.^

The free city and State of Lubeck is a Republic, the Constitution of which be.irs date May 23, 1920. Supreme power lies with the people who elect a House of Burgesses (Biirgerscliaft) of 80 members. The latter elects the Senate of 12 members, which is the supreme executive authoritv

Area 115 square miles. The city of Liibeck had (1919) 120 56*8 inhabi- tants (57,539 males and 63,029 females).

On December 1, 1910, Protestants numbered 111,543, Roman Catholics 3,802, other Christians 276, Jews 623, and ' unclassified ' 355. Education is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 14. There are in Lubeck (1919) 20 ele- mentary schools (6 for boys, 6 for girls, 8 for either sex), with 9,483 pupils ■ for boysl gymnasium (653 pupils), 1 real gymnasium (562 pupils), 1 hi<rherreal school (814 pupils), 1 private real school" (584 pupils), and 3 public middle