Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/898

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FRANCE

Minister of Public Works.— lA. Thierry. Minister of Labour. — M. Chtron.

Under-Secretaries of State.

For Interior.— M. Paul Morel. For Finance.. — M. Bonrcly. For Marine. — M. Monzie. For Fine Arts.— M. Lton B^rard.

Tho following is a list of the Sovereigns and Governments of France, from the accession of the House of Bourbon : —

House of Bourbon.

Henri IV

Louis XIII., 'Ic Juste' Louis XIV., Me Grand'.

Louis XV

Louis XVI. (+ 1793).

First Republic.

Convention.

Directory ....

Consulate ....

1(510- 1013-

1715- 1774-

1792- 1795- 1799-

1(U0 1(43 1715 1774 1792

1795 •1709 ■1804

First Empire.

Napoleon I. (+ 1815).

House of Bourbon restored.

Louis XVIII 1814

Charles X. (-- 183n). . . 1S24

House of Bourbon-OrUans.

Louts-Philippe (-}- 1S50). .1830

1804-1814

-1824 -1830

-1848

Second Republic.

Provisional Government,

Feb— Dec. ... 1848

Louis Napoleon .... 1848-1852

Second Empire. Napoleon III. (died 1873). . 1852-1870

Third Republic,

Government of National

Defence 1870-1871

A dolphe Thiers, President. . 1871-1873

Marshal MacMahon ,,. . 1873-1879

F. J. P. Jules Grevy ,,. . 1879-1887

P. SadiCarnot ,,. . 1887-1894 Casimir Perier

(June— Jan.) „. . 1804-1895

Felix Faure „. . 1895-1890

EmileLouhet ,,. . is99-100(i

Armand Fallieres „. . lOOO-l'.HS

Raj'iiiond Poincnrr ,,. . 1013

The Chamber of Deputies is elected for four years, by universal suffrage, and each citizen 21 years old, not actually in military service, who can prove a six months' residence in any one town or commune, and not otherwise disqualified, lias the right of vote. Deputies must be citizens and not under 25 years of age. The mauner of election of Deputies has beeu modified several times since 1871. The scrutin de Ivite. under which each elector votes for as many Deputies as the entire department has to elect, was introduced in 1871. In 1876 it was replaced by the scrutin d'arrondissement, under which each department is divided into a number of arrondissemeoits, each elector voting for one Deputy only ; in 1885 there was a return to the scrutin de liste, in 1889 the uni- nominal vote was reintroduced aud in 1912 the previous practice was again resorted to. In 1889 it was enacted that each candidate is bound to make, within the fortnight which precedes the elections, a declaration as to his being a candidate for a given constituency, and for one constituency only- all votes which eventually may be given for him in other constituencies being reckoned as void. Multiple elections and cltctions of persons pre- viomly condemned by the law courts are thus rendered impo>sible. The Chamber verifies the powers of its members. In each constituency the votes are cast up and the Deputy proclaimed elected by a commission of Councillors- General appointed by the prefect of the department. The Chamber is now comjjosed of 597 Deputies ; each arrondisscment Q\e(^U one Deputy, and if its impulation is in excess of 100,000, it is divided