Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/873

 INSTRUCTION — FINANCE, DEFENCE

751

Proviuce

Havana. Pinar del Rio Matanzas Santa Clara. Cainagiiey. Oriente

Total

41,000

2,220,278

Area

Population in

1910

Pop. per sq. mile

Square miles

2,772

575,266

194-1

5,000

254,620

48-1

3,700

260,060

64-8

9,5(50

514,325

47-8

10,500

135,340

11-2

12,408

480,667

36-5

46-5

The population in 1910, was made as to 52*5 per cent, of males, and 47 "5 per cent, of females ; and as to 70 "3 per cent, of Avhites and 29 "7 per cent, of coloured people.

Tlie movement of poimlatiou in 1910 was as follows : — Marriages, 12,846 ; births, 74,286 ; deaths, 33,194 ; surplus of births over deaths, 41,092.

In 1911 there were 38,053 immigrants (31,055 men and 6,998 women) of whom 32.104 Avere Spanish.

The chief towns are Habana, 319,884 ; Santiago de Cuba, 53,614 ; ]\Iatanzas, 64,385 ; Cienfuegos, 70,416 ; Camagiiey, 66,460 ; Cardenas, 28,576.

Instruction.

According to the census returns for 1899, 64 per cent, of the population could not read ; 2 per cent, could read but not Avrite ; 33 per cent, could write, but were without superior education ; 1 per cent, had received higher education. Education was made obligatory in 1880, but the law was not enforced. Under United States rule the elementary and secondary school systems were re-organised ; each municipality was required to have a school board, and every town to have schools at which the attendance of children should be compulsory. On Feb. 3, 1911 there were 3,774 schools, with 3,856 teachers, and 152,658 enrolled pupils (79,762 boys and 72,896 girls) ; the average attendance was 105,774. For secondary instruction there are in the Island many institutes and colleges. The highest instruction in Cuba is given at the Universit)' of Havana, which has faculties of letters and sciences, of medicine and pharmac.y, and of law. The nnmber of students is about 600. In 1912 the first military academy in Cuba was established at Cabanas Fortress.

Finance, Defence.

The receipts from customs during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1912, amounted to 28,218,624 dollars.

The Budget for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1912, and ending June 30, 1913, shows estimated receipts 37,940,200 dollars ; expenses 33,974,147 dollars, leaving a surplus of 3,966,052.

The principal items of estimated income were :— Customs Revenue, 26,434,000 dollars, and Consular Fees, 500,000 doliais. The Drincipal items of estimated expenditure were :— Home Affairs, 10,117,394 dollars, Finan'ce Department, 2,909,722 dollars, Instiuction, 4,782,653 dollars, and Public Works, 3,704,625 dollars.

Congress did not approve of a budget for 1911-12 and therefore that of the previous year was in operation.