Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/839

 AREA AND POPULATION

717

On February 27, 1911, the Chinese Government published the results of the second National Census as follows : —

Enumeration

Numter of

Approximate j number of

Enumeration

Number Approximate of, number of

group

families

inhabitants l 692,850

group

families inhabitants i

Peking.

13-i,570

Kwangsi

3,439,873 17,199,365

Shuntienfu.

692,396

3,461,980 '

Hupeh.

4,932,533 24,662,665

Fongtien

799,836

3,999,180 '

Hunan.

4,288,164 21,440,820

Kirin.

739,461

3,697,305

Szechwan.

3,278,421 16,392,105

Helungkiang

241,011

1,205,055

Kwangtung

5,041,780 ! 25,208,900

Chihli.

4,164,229

20,821,145

Kwangsi

1,174,544 1 5,872,720

Kiangning.

3,213,483

16,067.415

Yunan.

1,548,014 7,740,070

Kiangsu

2,170,128

10,850,640

Kweichau.

1,771,538 8,857,665

Anhwei

3,141,184

15,705,920

Shantung.

5,377,872

26,889,360

Total.

62,033,661 310,168,305

Shansi.

l,'.i:i0,035

9,950,175


 * Monglia and

Hunan.

4.661,566 1,1)07,444

23,307,830 8,037,220

i Borderlands.

1

125,451

627,255

Shensi.

Kansu.

906,639

4,533,195

Total.

62,159,112 310,795,560

Hsinkiang.

448,779 2,376,855 3,888,311

2,243,895, 11,884,275 i 19,441,555

Military

321,006 1,605,030

Fukien Chehkiang.

i Grand Total.

62,480,118'312,400,590

1 Calculating an average of 5 persons to each family.

The Island of Formosa was ceded to Japan in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki ratified and exchanged at Chefoo on the 8th of May, 1895. The formal transfer of the Island was effected on the 2nd of June, 1895.

In November, 1897, the Germans seized the Port of Kiau-Chau, on the east coast of Shantung, and in March, 1898, obtained from the Chinese a 99 years' lease of the town, harbour, and district. By agreement with the Chinese Government, dated March 27, 1898, Russia took possession of Port Arthur and Talienwan and their adjacent territories and waters, on lease for the term of 25 years, Avith option of extension by mutual agreement._ In 1900, in consequence of the ' Boxer ' uprising, Russia occupied Manchuria. Japan, after long and unsuccessful efforts to induce Russia to withdraw, broke off diplomatic relations, and on February 8, 1904, commenced hostilities. The war, in the course of which Japan X-Toved victorious both on land and at sea, was brought to an end by the Treaty of Portsmouth signed September 5, 1905. Under this Treaty Russia and Japan agreed to evacuate Slauchuria, except the territory affected by the lease of Kwantung (or the Liao-tung Peninsula), where Japan succeeds to the leasehold and other rights of R,ussia. The exclusive administration of Manchuria (with the exception mentioned) was to be restored to China. By treaty of December 22, 1905, China leased to Japan the Liao-tung Peninsula, conceded to Japan the control of the railways as far as Chang-chun (Kwanchengtze), and the right to construct a railway from Antung to Mukden, and agreed to open 16 Manchurian ports and cities to foreign commerce. In July, 1910, a convention was signed between Russia and Japan agreeing to co-operate to maintain the " status quo " in Manchuria iu accordance with the treaties and conventions already made. For such period as Russia should hold Port Arthur, Great Britain was, by agreement with China, April 2, 1898, to hold Wei-Hai-Wei, in the province of Shan- tung. For defensive purposes Great Britain has, in addition, obtained a 99 years' lease of territory on the mainland opposite the island of Hong Kong. The Chinese Government granted to the French in April, 1898, a 99 years