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Murray (W. S.), The Making of the Balkan State. London, lUl-J.

Muzet (A.), Aux pays Balkaniques (Montenegro, Servia, and Bulgaria). Paris, 191-J.

Pinon (R.), L'Europe et I'Einpire Ottoman. Paris, It'OS.

St. Clair (8. G. B.)and Brophy (G. A.), Twelve Years' Study of the Eastern Question in Bulgaria. London, 1877.

CHILE.

(Republica de Chile.) Constitution and Government.

The Republic of Chile threw off allegiance to the Crown of Spain by the declaration of indepondence of September 18, 1810, finally freeing itself from Spanish rule in 1818. The Constitution voted by the repre- sentatives of the nation on May 25, 1833, with a few subsequent amendments, establishes three powers in the State — the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. The legislative power is vested in the National Congress, consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate is composed of 37 members popularly elected by provinces for the term of six years, in the proportion of one Senator for every three Deputies ; while the Chamber of Deputies composed of 118 members chosen directly by depart- ments for a period of three years, consists of one representative for every 30,000 of the population, or a fraction not less than 15,000 ; the present number of deputies was determined in 1910 on the basis of the census results of 1905. Both bodies are chosen by the same electors. Electors must be 21 years of age, and able to read and write. The executive is exercised by the President of the Republic elected for a term of five years, by indirect vote, the people nominating, by ballot, delegates who appoint the President. A retiring President is not re-eligible. In legislation the President has a modified veto ; a bill returned to the chambers with the President's objections may, by a two-thirds vote of the members ])resent (a majority of the members being present), be sustained and become law. The day of a Presidential election is June 25 of the last of the five years of a Presidency, and the inauguration takes place on September 18 of the same year.

President of the Republic. — Senor Br. Ramon Barros Luco, assumed office December 23, 1910.

The salary of the President is fixed at 1,384Z,, with 923?. for expenses.

The President is assisted in his executive functions by a Council of State of five members nominated by the President, and six members chosen by the Congress, and a Cabinet or Ministry divided into six departments, viz., Interior, Foreign Attairs, Justice and Public Instruction, Finance, Defence, Industry and Public Works.

Local Government. For the purposes of local government the Republic is divided into Provinces, presided over by Intoidcntes ; and the Provinces into Depart- ments, with Gohernadorcs as chief officeis. The Departments constitute one or more municipal districts each with a council or municipality of 9 members, inhabitants popularly elected for three years. The police of Santiago and

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