Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/814

 692

BRAZIL

brigade consists of 3 infantry regiments, 1 cavalry regiment, 1 field artillery regiment, 1 howitzer battery. A cavalry brigade consists of from 2 to 3 regiments. The total peace strength is at present 32,000. There is also a gendarmerie 20,000 strong. Infantry are armed with the Mauser rifle, the field and horse artillery have a Krnpp 12 pr. Ships of the Brazilian navy are as follows : —

5

Name

Displace - uient

Armour

Principal Armament

Torpedo Tubes

H.-P.

.s ^ an.

'5

Belt

Gun

^

Dreadnoughts.

1907

/Minas Geraes .) \Sao Paolo . ./

19,281

9

12

12— 12iu., 22 4-7in.

—

23,500

21

1911

llio de Janeiro. Old Battleships.

27,500

"

"

14— 12in., 20 Oil)..

—

)>

22

1S98

(Deodoro . "1 \Floriano . ./

Protected

3, -200

14

8

2 9-2in., 4 4-7in. .

3,400

14

1907

Cruisers. /Bahia.

JRio Grande do 1 Sul. [.Ceara.

Barrozo

Taiiiiuandare

3,500

~

10 4-7in.

_

18,000

1895 18S7

3.450 4,500

—

6 6in., 4 4'7in.

10 6in., 2 4-7in. .

2 2

7,500 7,500

20 17

There are 5 torpedo gunboats {Tiipy, Timbira, Tamayn, Gustavo Sampaio, and Tiradentes), 10 Yarrow destroyers, 4 first-class torpedo boats. 4 destroyers, a mine ship, and 3 submarines are building or projected to complete the naval programme. A fourth new battleship is projected.

There are three naval arsenals— at Rio de Janeiro, Parii, and Ladario de Matto Grosso (this latter a river arsenal).

Production and Industry.

Brazil is an agricultural country, though only a small fraction of its soil has been brought under culture. Agricultural industries are encouraged by the State governments. Coffee is the chief product cultivated, and after that sugar, tobacco, and cotton, mate (Paraguay tea), india-rubber, timber, cocoa, and nuts. The four states of San Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, and Minas Geraes, the combined areas of which cover about one-eighth of the entire area of the Republic, are the principal districts for coti'ee growing. Four-fifths of the cofi'ee of' the world comes from these parts ; more than half of the world's supply from San Paulo alone. The average annual crop of Brazil may be estimated at about 12 million sacks (1 sack = 137 -6 pounds). India Rubber is the other great natural product of the country. The 1911-12 crop produced 28,807 tons. About one half of the world's supply comes from Brazil, the principal rubber-growing districts being Ceara, "Manos, and Para. Cocoa is produced in many States but chiefly in Espirito Santo, and Bahia, where also the tobacco industry flourishes. In Pcrnambuco there are 47 sugai factories, in Campos (Rio de Janeiro) 40, in Bahia 12, and in other parts of Brazil 15. The cultivation of rice is extending. Cattle breeding is important in San Paulo which has 3,738,000 cattle; 1,2 2,000 swine; 136,000 sheep; 230,000 horses; and 124,000 mules.