Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/751

 PAUPERISM 629

At Vienna there is also (1909-10) an Export Academy with 30 teachers and 358 students ; at Vienna and Lemberg are Veterinary high schools with 74 teachers and 606 students ; at Leoben and Pribram montamst high schools with 57 teachers and 511 students. There are also Academies of Art in Vienna (22 teacl.ers, 254 students), in Prague (14 teachers, 111 students), and in Krakau (11 teaihers, 151 students). Besides these there are an Acad.-my of Music and Dramatic Art (formerly the ' Conservatorium ) with 79 teachers and 865 students, and a Consular Academy m Vienna (33

teachers, 42 students)., . i . x-x ^ ^ • •

There are (1909-10) besides 5,721 special technical institutes, training m mining, agriculture, industries of all kinds, art, music, commerce, &c., with 381,702 students.

Justice and Crime.

In Austria the ordinary judicial authorities are :—

(1) The Supreme Court of Justice and Court of Cassation (Oberste Gerichts-und Kassationshof) in Vienna. (2) The 9 higher provincial courts (Oberlandesgerichte). (3) The 71 provincial and district courts (Landes- und Kreisgerichte), and, in connection with these, the jury courts (Geschwo- renenc^erichte). (4) The 962 county courts (Bezirksgerichte^.

There exist also special courts for commercial (3 courts, and 3 county courts), for industry( 20 courts), shipping, revenue, military, and other

In case of conflict between different authorities the Court of the Empire (Reichscrericht) in Vienna has power to decide. Private persons can in certain cases appeal against the decisions of magisti-ates to the High Court tor Administrative Affairs,

Convictions.

1907

32,936

9,528 543,419

7,214

1 829

1908

3.5,831

8,177 556,391

7,184 748

1909

1910

Of crimes. .... Of less serious offences Of misdemeanours. Number of prisoners in penal es- tablishments (Strafanstalten) at end of year : Males .... Females ....

37,139

9,152

5.52,592

7,303 761

30,716

5,731

539,471

7,287 693

Pauperism.

The right to poor relief is defined by an imperial statute, but the regula- tions for the apportionment of the cost are made by the separate provinces. The funds first available are the public funds for the support of the poor (Localarmenfonde and Armeninstitute, the latter existing now only m Styria Vorarlberg, Moravia, and Tyrol), derived from endowments, voluntary contributions, the poors' third of the property left by intestate secular priests, and certain percentages on the proceeds of voluntary sales. In some provinces the poors' funds are augmented from other sources, e.g. theatre money (Spectakelgelder), hunting licences, dog certificates, and m some large towns percentages on legacies over a fixed amount. When, m any given case, these funds are exhausted, the commune of origin (Heimatsgememde) must make provision. Those who are wholly or partially unfit for work may be provided for in such manner as the commune judges propose. Besides poor-houses and money relief, there exists in many provinces the practice