Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/733

 POLITICAL RELATIONS 611

Nephews of the Emperor are the two sons of the late Archduke Otto (d. Nov. 1, 1906) and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony ; Karl Franz Josef, born Aug. 17, 1887, married October 21, 1911, to Princess Zita of Parma ; and Maximilian, born April 13, 1895.

The imperial and royal family descends from Rudolf of Habsburg, a German Count, born 1218, who was elected King of the Romans in 1273. In 1282 he bestowed the Duchy of Austria upon his son Albrecht, after- wards Roman Emperor. The male line died out in 1740 with Emperor Karl VI. ^III. in Hungary), whose only daughter, Maria Theresa, gave her hand (1736) to Duke Franz of Lorraine and Tuscany, afterwards Kaiser Franz I. of the House of Lorraine, who thereby became the founder of the new line of Habsburg-Lorraine. Maria Theresa was succeeded, in 1780, by her son Joseph II., who, dying in 1790, was succeeded by his brother Leopold II., at whose death, in 1792, his son Franz II. (I. in Hungary) ascended the Imperial throne. He reigned till 1835, and, having been married four times, left a large family, whose descendants form the present Imperial House. Franz was the first sovereign who assumed the title of Emperor, or ' Kaiser, ' of Austria, on being compelled by Napoleon, in 1806, to renounce the imperial crown of Rome, for more than three centuries practically in the Habsburg family. For about two years, however, he had already coupled Avith his title of Emperor of the Romans that of Hereditary Emperor of Austria. Franz I., as he now called himself, was succeeded by his son. Emperor Ferdinand I. (V. as King of Hungary), on whose abdication, Dec. 2, 1848, the crown fell to his nephew, the present Emperor- King Franz Josef I.

The present Emperor-King has a civil list of 22,600,000 crowns: one moiety of this sum, 11,300,000 crowns, is paid to him as Emperor of Austria, out of the revenues of Austria, and the other moiety as King of Hungary, out of the revenues of Hungary.

The following is a list of the Habsburg rulers of Austria (Dukes and from 1453 Archdukes of Austria, from 1526 also Kings of Hungary and Bohemia, from 1804 Emperors of Austria).

House of Habsburg.

Albrecht 1 1282


 * Rudolf II 1282


 * Rudolf III 1293

Friedrich (III. as rival Imperial

claimant) 1307


 * Leopold 1 1314


 * Albrecht II 1314

^Rudolf IV 1358


 * Albrecht III 1365


 * Albrecht IV 1395

Albrecht V. (II. as Emperor, King

of Hungary and Bohemia). . 1404
 * Ladislaus (King of Hungary and

Bohemia) 1439

Friedrich V. (III. as Emperor). 1457

Maximilian 1 1493

Karl I, (V. as Emperor). . 1519

Ferdinand 1 1520

Maximilian II. .... 1564

Rudolf V. (II. as Emperor). . 1576

Matthias 1611

Ferdinand II 1619

Ferdinand III 1637

Leopold 1 1658

Joseph I. 1705

Karl II. (VI. as Emperor, III. of

Hungary) 1711


 * Maria Theresa 1740

House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Joseph II 1780

Leopold II. . . . '. . 1790

Franz I. (II. as Emperor). . 1792

^Ferdinand I. (V. of Hungary). 1835


 * Franz Josef 1 1848

All except those marked with an asterisk likewise filled the throne of the Holy Roman Empire.

Political Relations between Austria and Hungary.

Austria and Hungary or, as in international relations they are otticially called, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, consists of two States, the Austrian Empire and the Hungarian Kingdom. The relation between the two States in its present form was fully regulated by the so-called

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