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Canada, Australia, the Philippines, China, and Japan. In the year 1912, 431 vessels of 1,370,315 tons entered, and 429 of 1,359,109 tons cleared at the })orts of the islands. An inter-island steam navigation company with 17 small steamers provides communicatiou between the ditferent islands. There are about 265 miles of railway in the islands, and new lines are projected. There are telephones on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Kauai, and Molokai ; total length 600 miles ; nearly every family in Honolulu has its telephone. Honolulu is lighted by electricity and has lines of electric tramways. The Marconi system of wireless telegraphy is in operation between the islands for commercial purposes and for communi- cation with vessels at sea and with the Pacific coast.

British Gonsiil for the Territory of Haivaii. — T. Harrington.

Books of Reference.

Annual Report of the Goveruer of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior. Washington.

Biennial Reports of the Auditor, the Treasurer, the Attorney-General, the Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and otlmr officials.

Alexander {Sl^. D.), A Briet History of the Hawaiian People. S. New York, ]892.

Btstian (Adolf), Zur Kenncniss Hawaii's. Berlin, 1883.

Bird (Miss 1.), The Hawaiian Archipelago. London, 1878.

Blaekman (W. F.), The Making of Hawaii. London, 1899.

Brain (B. M.), The Transformation of Hawaii. London, 1899.

Brassey (Lady), A Voyage in the Sunbeam. London, 1880.

Cari)e?i(er(E. J.), America in Hawaii. London, 1899.

Ellis (W.) Tour tlu'ough Hawaii. London, 1827.

Ellislw.), Polynesian Researches. 4 vols. London, 1831.

Fornander(C.), Origin of the Polynesian Nations. 3 vols. London, 1885.

Oordon Cumming (Miss C. F.), Fire Fountains : the Kingdom of Hawaii. 2 vols. London, 1883.

H'o_pfct«s(Manley), History of Hawaii. 2nd edition. London, 1866.

Kraut (Mary H.), Hawaii and a Revolution. London, 1898.

Liliuokalani (Queen), Hawaii's Story. Boston, 1898.

Marcuse (A.), Die hawaiischen Inselu. Berlin, 1894.

Owen (Jean A.), The Story of Hawaii. New York, 1898

Sauvin (G.), Un Royaumc polynesien. Paris, 1893.

Shoemaker {M. M.), Islands of the Southern Seas. New York, 1898

Steven8(J. L.)and Oleson(W. B.), Picturesque Hawaii. Honolulu, 1894.

Stoddard (G. W.), Hawaiian Life. Chicago, 1894.

Taylor (C. M., Jr.), Vacation Days in Hawaii and Japan. Loudon. 1906.

Tioombly (A. S.), Hawaii and its People. London, 1900.

Varigny (C. de), Quatorze ans aux lies Sandwich. Paris.

Whitney (C.), Hawaiian America. New York, 1899.

Young (L.), The Real Hawaii. London, 1S99.

PORTO RICO.

Governmeilt. — Porto Rico, by the treaty of December 11, 1898, was ceded by Spain to the United States. Its constitution was determined by Act of Congress of April 12, 1900 (known as the "Organic Act") slightly amended on May 1, 1900, and March 2, 1901. It has representative government, the franchise being restricted only as to age (21 years), residence (one year), and citizenship (either Porto Rican or American). The Governor and the Executive Council, consisting of 6 heads of departments and 5 natives, are appointed for 4 years by the President of the United States, while the House of Delegates, consisting of 35 members (5 from each of the 7 electoral districts), and a Resident Commissioner to the United States, having a seat in Congress in Washington, are elected by the peofde for 2 years. The Council and the House of Delegates constitute the Legislative Assembly, with the veto power vested in the Governor, In each of the 71 muni-

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