Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/698

 576 UNITED STATES: — HAWAII

President; the district magistrates by the chief justice of the supreme court. There is also a United States District Court, the judges of which are appointed by the President.

In 1912 there were 9,032 convictions, nearly all the offences being of a trivial nature.

Finance? Defence. — Revenue is derived mainly from taxation of real and personal property, income and inheritance taxes, licences, land sales and leases, waterworks and road, school and poll taxes. For the year ending June 30, 1912, the revenue amounted to 4,315,97276 dollars of which 2,560,505 -SS dollars AVi-nt to the Territory and 1,755,466-88 dollars to the counties. The Territory expended 2,327,770'17 dollars. On July 1, 1912, the bonded debt amounted to 5,454,000 dollars. In 1912 tl^e assessed value of property was: real, 90,889,057 dollars; personal, 85,945,744 dollars; total, 176,834,801 dollars.

In June, 1912, the Hawaiian National Guard contained 562 men. The Federal Government, wiih a view to the protection of the Pacific Coast and the control of the Panama Canal, has voted money for the construction of extensive military works at Pearl Harbour, about 7 miles from Honolulu, and at Honolulu and other j^laces on the island of Oaliu. The dredging of Pearl Harbour channel was completed during the year ending Juue 30, 1912, and the construction of the dry dock, naval station, and fortifications is well in hand.

Production and Commerce. — The islands are to a great extent mountainous and volcanic, but the soil is highly fertile and productive. In 1910 there were 4,320 farms with an acreage of 2,590,600, of which 305,053 acres were improved land. Sugar and rice are the staple industries, while coffee, honey, hides, sisal, bananas, pine-apples, woo], tobacco, cotton, and rubber are also exported. In 1911 the sugar-crop amounted to over 566,821 tons. The sugar plantations are extensively supplied with irrigation canals, and this system is coming into general use. In 1912 there were forest reserves aggregating 683,101 acres, and other reserves are contemplated. In 1910 the Territory had 500 industrial establishments, employing a total of 7,572 persons (5,904 being wage-earners), having a capital of 23,875,000 dollars, the cost of material being 25,629,000 dollars and the value of the output 47,404,000 dollars.

For the year ended June 30, 1912, the imports from foreign countries amounted to 5,598,444 dollars, and the exports to foreign countries to 373,273 dollars. The shipments of merchandise from the United States to Hawaii amounted to 23,095,878 dollars, and those from Hawaii to the United States to 55,076,165 dollars, of which 48,143,530 dollars was for raw sugar, 1,817,979 dollars for refined sugar, 2,744,042 dollars for fruits, 335,641 dollars for coffee, and 212,146 dollars for rice. The imports from the United Kingdom in 1911 totalled 148,183^. and the exports to the United Kingdom 4,023/.

Shipping and Communications.— A considerable addition to the

wharfage accommodation of the port of Honolulu has now been made, and the harbour has been enlarged and dredged to a depth that will admit the largest steamers afloat. At Hilo Bay, on the east side of Hawaii Island, the construction of a breakwater has begun, Hilo being an important place for the shipment of sugar. At Kahului, the principal port on the Island of Maui, the construction of a breakwater has been completed and dredging of the harbour has begun. Many lighthouses have been constructed in recent years. Ten. lines of steamers connect the islands with the United States,