Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/697

 AREA AND POPULATION — RELIGION AND INSTRUCTION 575

constituted as the Territory of Hawaii. The Organic Act has since been amended several times. There is a Legislature of two Houses, a Senate of 15 members elected for four years, and a House of Representatives of 30 members elected for two years. Sessions, limited to 60 days, are held biennially. The Governor and Secretary are appointed for four years by the President of the United States.

Governor.—W. F. Frear, 1911-15 (7,000 dollars).

Secretary.— K A. Mott-Smith.

The Territory is j-epresented in Congress by a delegate elected biennially.

In 1905 the Territory was divided into 5 counties within which the local authorities had restricted powers. Under subsequent statutes one county, of small area and population, has been deprived for the most part of the few powers it had originally, while the other four counties, of considerable size and population, have been given much larger powers. These four counties noAV collect a portion of their revenues and determine in part the rates of others, which are collected by the Territory. On January 1, 1909, the county of Oahu Avas converted into the city and county of Honolulu with enlarged powers.

Area and Population. — The total area of the islands is 6,449 square miles. The principal islands of the group are Hawaii, 4,015; Maui, 728 ; Oahu, 598 ; Kauai, 547 ; Molokai, 261 ; Lanai, 139 ; Niihau, 97 ; Ka- hoolawe, 69, According to the census taken on April 15, 1910, the total population of the islands numbered 191,909, an increase of 37,908, or 24 '61 per cent, since 1900. The average number of persons to the square mile in 1910 was 29-75. The Capital, Honolulu, in the Island of Oahu, has 52,183 inhabitants.

The number of Hawaiians in the islands in 1910 was 26,041 ; the part- Hawaiians 12,506. The decrease in the number of Hawaiians in the ten years 1900-1910 was 3,746, and increase in part-Hawaiians 4,658. Of the part- Hawaiians, 8,772 are Caucasian -Hawaiian and 3,734 Asiatic-Hawaiian. There are 21,674 Chinese and 79,674 Japanese. The Portuguese number 22,303; the Spanish, 1,990; other Caucasians, chiefly Americans, British, and Germans, 14,867 ; and Porto Ricans, 4,890. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean immigTation is prohibited. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1912, 266 Russian, 3,247 Spanish and Portuguese, and 3,043 Filipino immigrants were introduced.

Religion and Instruction.— Nearly all the natives are Christians. There is an Anglican bishop at Honolulu ; also a Roman Catholic bishop, and ministers of various denominations. Schools are established all over the islands, the sum expended for public instruction for the year ending June 30, 1912, was 722,912 dollars, of which 92,577 dollars was for new buildings. Elementary education has always been free. The language in general use in schools is English. In 1912, there were 156 public schools with 591 teachers and 23,752 enrolled pupils ; also 5] private schools with 800 teachers and 6,157 enrolled pupils. Of the pupils in public and private schools in 1912, 8,328 were Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian, 5,331 Portuguese, 12,963 Asiatics, 1,169 American, 137 British, and 308 German. In Hawaii there are, besides, a normal and training school, a reformatory industrial school for boys and one for girls ; also a College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.

•Justice. — Hawaii has a supreme court, circuit courts, district courts an a land registration court. The circuit judges sit also as juvenile courts. The judg«?s of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed by the United States