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UNITED STATES : — PENNSYLVANIA

20,270,033 dollars. The output of coke was 21,923,935 short tons, valued at 43,053,367 dollars. Pittsburg, having abundant supplies of coal, has become the principal iron-work centre. The value of the total mineral output of Penns)'lvania (excluding pig-iron, coke, and other products from coal) in 1911 was estimated at 414,112,373 dollars.

According to the census of manufactures in 1910, there were in Pennsyl- vania, 27,563 manufacturing establishments, with an aggregate capital amounting to 2,749,005,975 dollars, employing 94,885 salaried officials and 877,543 wage-earners. The salaries in the year amounted to 110,897,242 dollars, and the wages to 455,626,790 dollars. The cost of the raw material used was 1,582,559,988 dollars, and the value of the output was 2,626,742,034 dollars.

Statistics of the more important industries, or groups of industries (ac- cording to the census of manufactures of 1910), are : —

Industries

Capital

Wage- earners

Wages

Cost of material

Value of output

Steel works and rolling

Dollars

Number

Dollars

Dollars

Dollars

mills ....

522,897,623

126,911

85,113,237

329,013,421

500,343,995

Blast furnaces

194,708,463

14,521

9,456,714

142,074,028

168,578,413

Foundry and machine

work ....

283,556,032

86,821

51,306,002

101,010,740

210,746,257

Leather ....

85,516,452

16,532

7,938,107

62,266,361

83,749,869

Textiles ....

243,478,554

139,670

50,939,980

159,900,334

267,840,579

Ry. car works.

31,281,576

7,766

4,819,137

19,002,225

27,509,748

Printing and publishing.

71,452,879

24,696

14,335,047

22,752,749

70,584,179

Slaughtering, &c. .

13,504,379

3,050

1,986,965

44,845,047

51,850,936

Petroleum refining.

38,989,633

2,900

1,861,405

47,440.316

53,088,199

Tobacco, cigars, &c.

27,603,854

33,188

11,619,512

20,713,423

50,161,387

Malt liquors.

94,134,562

7,234

5,452,794

12,610,097

47,712,570

Flour and grist

21,276,534

2,432

1,187,505

38,170,128

44,782,558

Lumber, planing mills, &c.

54,638,401

26,873

13,557,761

27,314,236

57,453,583

Glass ....

58,632,212

23,710

13,436,405

12,633,913

32,817,936

The textile manufactures are chiefly worsted goods, woollens, hosiery, carpets, silk goods, and cotton goods.

Pennsylvania, owing to the abundance of tanning substances, is the largest leather producing State in the Union ; 60 per cent, of the glazed kid of the United States is made in Philadelphia. In 1910 the leather industry employed 16,532 workers, earning a total wage of 7,938,107 dollars. In

1910 there were cotton mills employing 16,293 workers, earning a total of 7,034,407 dollars.

The total v^alue of goods imported into Philadelphia during the year

1911 was 80,959,935 dollars (16,191,987^.) ; of goods exported, 70,527,144 dollars (14,105,428Z.) Six steamship lines traded with the port ; 145 American vessels of 253,432 tons and 831 foreign vessels with 1,890,466 tons entered ; while 83 American vessels with 100,420 tons and 780 foreign vessels with 2,021,628 tons cleared. In 1910 the State contained 11,290 miles of railway, besides 4,210 miles of electric railway track.

British Consul at Philadelphia. — W. Powell. There is also a Vice-Consul.

Books of Reference.

Reports of the various executive departments of the State. Harrisburg. Small's Legislative Handbook and Manual of the State of Pennsylvania, 1911. Harrisburg, Pa.

Trade of the Consular District of Philadelphia. British Foreign Office. Annual.

London.