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 i^ECtiUAN ALAND PROTECTORATE 193

Chief items of revenue, 1911-12 (nine montlis) : native tax, 92,069^. ; customs, 32,1691. Chief items of expenditure : public works, 32,453Z. ; police, 14,52U. ; establishments, 11,165Z. ; agriculture, 10,099^ ; education, 9,804/.

There is no public debt.

There are no navigable waterways, the rivers being low in winter and generally flooded in summer. Bridges have been built over the Caledon river at Maseru and Ficksburg, over the Hlotsi river in Leribe district, over the Little Caledon river near Maseru, over the Mekhaleng river near Mohale's Hoek, over the Phutiatsana River near Teyateyaneng, over the Khomokhoana liiver near Hlotse Heights, and over the Tlametlu and Tsoaing rivers. The roads in the country are now in fair condition for any kind of transport. There are telegraph offices at the various magistracies in connection with the systems of the Cape Province and Orange Free State.

A railway built by the C.S.A.R., 16 miles, connects Maseru with the Bloemfontein-Modderpoovt line at Marseilles Station.

Resident Commissioner. — Sir H. C. Sloley, K.C.M.G.

References. Colonial Report. Annual. London.

Despatches (1SC9-70), Correspontlence, Further Conespondence, and other Papers respecting Basutoland (l.'-80-i8S7.) London.

Barklij {Isixa.), Among Boers and Basntos. ith ed. London, 1900. iVj/ce (J.), Impressions of South Africa. 3rd Edition. London, 1899. Johnston (Sir Harry), The Colonisation of Africa. Cambridge, 1899. Lagdon (Sir G.), The Basutos. 2 vols. Loudon, 1909. Martin (Minnie), Basutoland : Its Legends and Customs. London, 1903, Norris- Newman (C. L.), The Basntos and their Country. London, 1882. Widdicomhe fj.), Fourteen Years in Basutoland. London, 1892.

Bechuanalaiid Protectorate.

The Bechuanaland Protectorate comprises the territory lying between the Molopo River on the south and the Zambezi on the north, and extending from the Transvaal Province and Matabeleland on the east to German South-West Africa. Area is about 275,000 sqriare miles; population, according to the census taken on the 7th May, 1911, 125,350, of whom 1,692 were Europeans. The most important tribes are the Bamangwato (35,000), under the chief Khama, whose capital is Serowe (population 17,000) 40 miles west of the railway line at Palapye Road; the Bakhatla (11,000) under Lenchwe ; the Bakwena (13,000) under Sechele ; the Bangwaketse (18,000) under Gaseitsiwe ; the Batawana under Mathibi ; and the Bamaliti (4,500) under Baitlotle, who is acting during the minority of Seboko, a boy about seventeen years of age, the eldest son of the late chief Mokgosi. In 1885, the territory was declared to be within the British sphere ; in 1889 it was

appointed, ,

Bechuanaland to the Cape of Good Hope, new arrangements were made tor the administration of the Protectorate, and special agreements were made in view of the extension of the railway northwards from Mafeking. Each of the chiefs rules his own people as formerly, under the protection of the King, who is represented by a Resident Commissioner, acting under the High Commissioner. The headquarters of the Administration are in Mafeking, in the Capo Province, where there is a reserve for Imperial purposes, with ample buildings. There are assistant commissioners at Gaberones in the southern, and Franoistown in the northern portion of the Protectorate.