Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/297

 THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE 175

of 8 official and 4 unofficial members. In 1908 foreign consular jurisdiction in the Zanzibar strip of coast was transferred to the British Court, and the whole Protectorate is now virtually a British Crown Colony. It consists of 7 provinces and a tract ol territory partially organised lying to the north. The provinces are each under a provincial commissioner, and are divided into districts and sub-districts, as follows : Seyidie (capital Mombasa), comprising the districts of Vanga, Mombasa, Malindi and Mwatate, and the sub-districts of Rabai and Taveta ; Ukamba (capital Nairobi), including the districts of Kitui, Kikuyu, and Machakos ; Tanaland (capital Iiamu), with districts of Laniu and Tana River ; Jubaland (capital Kismayn), consisting of the districts of Kisniayu and Gorha ; Kenya (capital Fort Hall) with districts of Fort Hall, Nyeri, Embu, and Meru ; Naivasha (capital Naivasha), including the districts of Naivasha, Eldama Ravine, Rumuruti, Baringo, Turkhana, Uasin Gishn, and Southern Masai Reserve; the Nyanza Province (capital Kisumu), including the districts of Kisumu, Lumbwa, Nandi, and North and South Kavirondo, and the Northern Frontier District with headquarters at Marsabjt and posts at Kulal and Moyale.

Area and Population.— The Protectorate has an area of about 250,000 square miles ; population estimated at 4,038,000, including 25,000 Asiatics and 2,000 Europeans and Eurasians. On the coast the Arabs and Swahilis predominate ; further inland are races speaking Bantu languages, and non- Bantu tribes such as the Masai, the Somalis, and the Gallas. Mombasa is the largest town ; population about 30,000, of whom 130 are Europeans. The harbour is situated on the eastern side of an island of the same name, and is tlie terminus of the Uganda Railway. Kilindini harbour on the south-western side of the island is the finest land-locked and sheltered harbour on the east coast of Africa and is accessible to vessels of deep draught. There is good warehouse accommodation and a pier connected with the Uganda Railway. The two principal rivers in the North are the Tama and Juba which flow into the Indian Ocean. They are both navigable for about 400 miles Ity shallow- draught steamers. Nairobi, the capital of the Protectorate and the head- quarters of the Protectorate administration, has 14,000 inhabitants, of whom about 800 are European and 3,000 Indian. There are also 400 European farmers and 50,000 natives in the immediate neighbourhood of Nairobi.

Religion, Instruction, Justice.— The prevailing religious beliefs are Pagan ; but on the coast Mohammedanism has made great progress. There are many Christian mission societies, British, French, German, Italian, Swedish, and American, two being Roman Catholic. There are Government schools at Nairobi, Mombasa, Nakuru, and Uasin Gishu. Legislation is by Ordinances made by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council. The High Court is at Mombasa and sessions are held at Nairobi, Naivasha, Kisumu, and other places. District Courts presided over by magistrates are held in each district. In native cases local ideas and customs are considered. The legal status of slavery has been abolished throughout East Africa. In the rest of the Protectorate slavery is non-existent.

Defence.— The military force consists of 20 officers and 1,000 men forming the 3rd battalion of the King's African Rifles ; also two companies of the 2Qd battalion. There are 1,800 police under 35 European officers and non-commissioned officers.

Finance.— Revenue, 1911-12, 729,078Z. ; expenditure, 772,354^., which included 27,929^. for Special Expenditure foV Magadi ; grant-in-aid, 190,000?., which included 75,000Z. special grant for Magadi. Of the revenue for