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BALUCHISTAN.

A country occupying the extreme western corner of the Indian Empire, approximately between lat, 24° 54' and 32° 4' N,, and between long. 60° 56 and 70° 15' E. ; extreme length from E. to W. about 550 miles ; breadth about 450 ; area, 134,638 square miles ; -population (1911 census), 834,703. Bounded on the N. by Afghanistan and the North- \Yest Frontier Province, on the E, by Sindh, the Panjab, and a part of the Frontier Province, on the S, by the Arabian Sea, on the W. by Persia, the boundary disputes with which were settled in 1905, The main divisions are : (1) British and administered territory in the north of the Province ; (2) the native States of Kalat and Las Bela, the former consisting of a confederation of tribes under the Khan of Kalat, and stretching westwards to Persia, while the latter occupies the alluvial valley between the Pab and Hala ranges from the sea to Bela ; (3) tribal areas occupied by the Marri and Bugti tribes, semi-independent, but subject to the control of the Political Agent in Sibi.

1. British and Administered Territory. — British Residents were appointed to the courts of the Khans of Kalat from the middle of the nineteenth century, and British expeditions passed through the Bolan on their way to Kandahar and Afghanistan, but up to 1876 the country was considered independent. In 1875 Sir Robert Sandeman, the founder of the Baluchistan Province, first entered the country ; in 1877 the cantonment of Quetta, which is now the head-quarters of the Administration, was occupied by British troops, and in 1879 the administration of the district was taken over on behalf of the Khan of Kalat, After the Afghan war, 1878-81, the districts of Pisbin, Shorarud, Duki, Sibi, and Shahrig were assigned to the British and in November, 1887, were formally constituted as British Baluchistan. In 1883, the districts of Quetta and Bolan were made over by the Khan to the British on an annual quit-rent of 25,000 rupees and 30,000 rupees respectively. In 1886, the Bori valley, in which is now the cantonment of Loralai, was occupied. In 1887, the Khetran country, now known as the Barkhan tahsil, was brought under British control ; in 1889 British authority was established in the