Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/259

 DEFENCE 137

tion, the Secunderabad division, for instance, comprising two cavalry and five infantry brigades, while the Quetta division only comprises two infantry brigades.

• A division in the field consists of 3 infantry brigades (1 brigade British infantry, 2 brigades Native infantry) and divisional troops, viz., 1 regiment Native cavalry, 1 battalion pioneers, 3 field batteries, 2 moun- tain batteries, 1 amnmnition column, 2 companies sappers and miners, 1 signal company, 2 British field ambulances, 3 Native field ambulances. 1 printing section, 1 photolitho section, 1 field post ofiice, divisional troops supply column, 1 divisional supply column. Its establishment consists of 3,708 British and 9,168 native troops, total, 12,876 ; with 30 guns.

A cavalry brigade consists of 1 horse battery, 1 British cavalry regi- ment, 2 Native cavalry regiments, | British field ambulance, ^ Native field ambulance, field post oflBce, 1 supply column, 1 ammunition column,

A British infantry brigade consists of 4 battalions, 2 British field hospitals, 1 field post oflflce, 1 supply column.

A Native infantry brigade consists of 4 battalions, 2 Native field liospitals, 1 field post office, 1 supply column.

The total strength of the field army would be about 150,000,

The military forces in India are administered by the headquarters staff and the army department, both under the supreme control of the commander-in-chief. The headquarters staflf comprises the division of the chief of the general staff, the adjutant-general's division, the quarter-master- general's division, the medical division, the ordnance division, and the military works division. The army department deals with supply and finance. The separation of the forces into the Northern and Southern army is chiefly for inspection and training purposes ; the commanders of divisions and independent brigades deal direct with headquarters on most questions.

The estimated net charge for the military service for the year 1912-13 is 17,930,000^.

Production and Industry.

The chief industry of India has always been agriculture. In every province of India there is a Department of Land Records and a Department of Agriculture, with one exception under separate heads. Both collect agricultural statistics, the former primarily for assessment purposes and the latter with a view to survey and improvement of agriculture. The latter also is concerned with the management of experimental and seed farms, the introduction of new appliances and new staples and the management and conti'ol of Colleges for teaching the science of agriculture. There are staffs of experts in the provinces and there is an Imperial staflf of experts with a fully equipped central station, Research Institute and College for post graduate training of those who have proceeded to Land Agriculture in provincial colleges. There is also a Civil Veterinary Department for the prevention and cure of cattle diseases and for the improvement of the breeds of cattle, horses, &c. There is an Imperial Laboratory for research and the preparation of sera and anti-toxius.

In provinces where the zaminddri tenure prevails (t.e., where single pro- prietors or proprietary brotherhoods possess large estates of severah hundreds or thousands of acres), the State revenue is assessed at an aliquot part (usually about one half) of the ascertained or assumed rental. The revenue is payable on each estate as a whole ; the assessment remaining unchanged for the period of settlement. In provinces where the raiycitwdri tenure prevails {i.e., where each petty proprietor holds directly from the State, as a rule cultivates his own land, and has no landlord between himself and the Government), the revenue