Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/258

 136 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES

shows the amounts for the chief administrations (in thousands of rupees) : —

Income

Expenditure

—

Munici-

District

Munici-

District

palities 78,39

Boards

palities

Boards

Burma

33,17

75,28

34,31

Eastern Bengal and Assani.

16,71

47,52

16,84

47,87

Bengal

1,45,35

ns,05

1,02,62

69,hS

United Provinces.

73.24

7S,60

73,95

74,74

Punjab

Gl,93

51, SS

59,33

49,36

Madras

79,7H

1,34,66

84,21

1,22,10

Bombay '

1,93,11

67,97

1,99,58

67,60

Defence.

The military forces in India consist in the first place of the British troops and of the Native army ; there are also the volunteers and the Imperial service troops. The army, as a whole, is divided into a Northern army and a Southern army. The Northern army comprises the Peshawar, Rawal Pindi, Lahore, Meerut, and LucknoAv divisions, besides the three independent Kohat, Bannu and Derajat brigades. The Southern army comprises the Quetta, Mhow, Pooiia, Secunderabad, and Burma divisions, and the Aden brigade.

The British troops are made up of 9 cavalry regiments, 11 horse artillery batteries, 45 field Ijatteries, 8 mountain batteries, 6 heavy batteries, 21 companies of garrison artillery, 52 infantry battalions, and a small pro- portion of engineers and departmental services. Units are supposed to be relieved after 14 years in India by units from home or the Colonies : they are maintained practically at war establishment. The total establishment is (1912-13), 75,886 of all ranks.

The Native army comprises 40 cavalry regiments, 12 mountain batteries, 3 regiments (19 companies) of sappers and miners, 140 battalions of infantry, besides departmental services. The superior oflBcers are British, Service in the ranks is voluntary and lasts for 3 years, with the option of extending to 32 years ; 85 per cent, of the men are Mahomedans, 63 per cent. Hindoos, the rest are Christians, Jews, etc. The infantry are for the most part formed into single battalion regiments, but there are 10 regiments of Ghurka rifles each of two battalions ; 5 battalions are stationed in China, the Straits Settlements and Ceylon, paid for by the home government. About a third of the cavalry and infantry units are *' class regiments " 'i.e., regiments consisting of a particular race and religion — Mahratta, Sikh, etc. Units are kept practically at war establishment. The establishment is 159,144 of all ranks. There are 36,000 reservists.

The volunteers consist practically entirely of Europeans and Eurasians, the latter predominating. The establishment is 1,461 officers, 29,597 other ranks, and 5,982 cadets. They are oi'ganised as 7 regiments of cavalry, 8 regiments of mounted rifles, 7 batteries of artillery, 7 companies of engineers, and 45 battalions of infantry.

The Imperial service troops are raised and mainttiined by Native states, and are trained under the supervision of British officers. They number all told about 20,000 and consist of all arms of the service ; but they provide a specially strong force of cavalry, about 6,600 all told. The two largest contingents of Imperial service troops are provided by the States of Gwalior and Kashmir.

On mobilisation a proportion of the military forces are to remain in canton- ments ; it is proposed to place 9 divisions and a proportion of cavalry brigades in the field. The mobilised divisions do not exactly correspond to the divi- sional commands existing in peace time vvhicli vary in strength and composi-