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 106 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — BORNEO (BRITISH)

Hatton (Joseph), The New Ceylon, a Sketch of British North Borneo. London, ISSfi. Hose(C.), In the Heart of Borneo, ' Geographical Journal,' vol. xvi., p. 39 IrelandiA..), The Far-Eastern Tropics. London, 1905. Loio (Sir H.), Re.sidence in Sarawak. London.

Nieuwenlitiia (A.. W.), Quer dnroh Borneo. 2 parts. Leiden, 1904-07. Poxewitz (Th.),Borneo : Its Geology and Mineral Resources. [Translation.] 8. London, 1892. Pryer (Mrs. W. B.), A Decade in i3orneo. London. 1894.

Roth (H. Ling). The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo. 2 vols London, 1S9C. St. John(SiT S.), Life in the Forests of the Far East. 2 vols. London, 1862. — Life of Sir Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak. London, 1879. — Rajah Brooke. London. 1P99, Wallace (A, R.), The Malay Archipelago. London, 1869.

Brunei. — In 1888 the neighbouring territories on the north-west coast ot Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak, were placed under British protection. On Januar}'^ 2, 1906, by treaty, the Sultan of Brunei handed over the general administration of his State to a British Resident. The Sultan, Mohamed Jemal-ul-alam, born in 1889, succeeded his father in May, 1906. He receives an allowance of 1,400Z. a year from State funds, and his two principal ministers 700Z. a year each. Area about 4,000 square miles, and population estimated at 30,000. The chief town, Brunei (pop. 10,000), is built over the water on the Brunei river.

Distance from Labuan about 43 miles. Communication by steam launches regularly maintained.

British Resident. — M. S. H. Mc Arthur (Harvey Chevallier, acting).

Sarawak : Area about 42,000 square miles, coastline 400 miles, many rivers navigable. The government of part ot the present territory was obtained in 1842 by Sir James Brooke from the Sultan of Brunei. Various accessions were made between 1861, 1885, and 1890. The Rajah, H.H. Sir Charles Johnson Brooke, G.C.M.G., nephew of thelate Rajah, born June 3, 1829, succeeded in 1868. Population estimated at 500,000, Malays, Dyaks, Kayans, Kenyahs, and Muruts, with Chinese and other settlers. The chief towns are the capital, Kuchiug, alDout 23 miles inland, on the Sarawak River, and Sibu, 60 miles up the Rejang River, which is navigable by large steamers. At Kuching are Church of England and Catholic missions with schools. The revenue is derived chiefly from Customs and the opium, gambling, arrack and pawn farms, exemption tax payable by Malays, and from Dyak and Kay an revenue. There are import duties on tobacco, salt, kerosine oil, wines, and spirits ; export duties on sago, gambler, pepper, all jungle produce, dried fish, &c. The revenue in 1910 was 164,220^., expenditure, 147,380/. ; 1911, revenue, 165,716Z. ; expenditure, 156,539/, ; public debt, nil. Coal exists m large quantities, as well as gold, silver, diamonds, antimony, and quicksilver. In 1910, imports, 787,926/. exports, 951,259/. ; 1911, imports, 661,085/. ; exports, 838,125/. The exports (1911) included sago flour, 137,753/. ; pepper, 151,888/. ; guttajelutong, 53,415/. ; gutta manufactures, 192,760/. ; and gold, 115,840/. The trade is mostly with Singapore. There are military and police forces, the former consisting of 500 Dyaks under an English army officer. Round Kuching are about 45 miles of roads besides bridle paths. There are 25 post offices (1911). The Government offices have a telephone sy.stem extending over Kuching and Upper Sarawak, but no telegraph. Distance from London, 8,700 miles ; transit, 25 to 30 days. Telegrams .sent by post from Singapore.

British Agent for Sarawak and British North Borneo, and High Commissioner for Brunei. — Sir Arthur Henderson Young, KG. M.G. (Governor of the Straits Settlements).

British Consul for Sarawak and British North Borneo and Resident, Brunei.— M.. S. H. Mc Arthur.