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THE BKITISH EMPIKE: — UJSlTED KINGDOM

and 73 provisionally certificated teachers, 1,096 assistant teachers, and 74 pupil teachers. In the same year there were at 4 training centres and 2 training colleges, 2,669 students. In 1910-11 there were 1,119 continuation class centres receiving grants, with 137,180 scholars on account of whom grants were paid-

Ireland. — Elementary education in Ireland, since 1845, is under the superintendence of a body of ' Commissioners of National Education in Ireland.' The following table gives statistics of elementary schools for the last five years : —

Year ended Dec. 31

Schools in operation

Accommodation

Pupils on Rolls at end of year

Average Attendance

1907 1908 1909 1910 1911

8,538 8,468 8,401 8,337 8,289

745,124 675,471 757,321 689,001 700,578 679,235 762,764 ! 679,435 766,002 684,634

485,979 494,662 501,107 495,959 512,862

Of 8,329 schoolsin 1910, 2,429 were mixed Roman Catholic and Protestant with 191,768 pupils (135,346 Roman Catholic and 56,422 Protestant) ; 4,360 were Roman Catholic with 370,728 pupils ; and 1,540 were Protestant with 116,383 pupils on December 31, 1910. In 1911 there were 7,851 principal teachers, 5,182 assistants, and 2,452 workmistresses and junior assistant teachers. There are 7 training colleges licensed for 1,190 King's scholars (1911-12).

The sums expended for education in Great Britain from Parliamentary grants, and in Ireland from Parliamentary grants and rates, are given for recent j^ears as follows (years ended March 31) : —

England and Wales Scotland Ireland.

1907-8

£

13,272,625

1,941,773

1,470,347

1908-9

1909-10

1910-11

1911-12

£

13,485,233 2,001,264 1,624,490

£ £

13,640,789 14,149,394

2,129,710 2,233,138

1,688,649 1,714,252

2,331,875 1,700,040

In addition to the grant, these schools derive an income from endowments, school fees, local rates, voluntary subscriptions, and other sources.

Justice and Crime.

England and Wales.

The principal courts having criminal jurisdiction are the petty sessional courts, the o-eneral or quarter sessions, the courts of oyer and terminer and •^aol delivery, more popularly known as ' assizes, and the Central Criminal Court. Two or more justices of the peace sitting in a petty sessional court house, the Lord Mayor or any alderman of the City of London, or any metro- politan or borough police magistrate or other stipendiary magistrate sitting in a court house, constitute a petty sessional court. The courts of quarter sessions are held four times a year by the justices of the county. Siniilar icourts can be held at other times, and are then called ' general sessions. ' Two justices constitute a court, but usually a larger number attend. Certain boroughs have