Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/1456

 1334

TUKKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES: — EGYPT

the employed being mostly hereditary, the number of landholders and the foreigners and natives : —

The following table shows, for 1911, distribution of the land between

Extent of

Foreigners

Natives Total of area Landowners

holding

in feddans

Area in Land- feddans owners

Area in feddans

„w"et i ^^^^-^

Per- Land- Per- centage owners centage

Up to 1 From 1-5 „ 5-10 ., 10-20 ,, 20-30 ,. 30-50 ,; 50

1,151 : 1,996 5,796 ; 2,167 5,803 i 767 9,479 ; 660 8,133 327 13,588 344 662,641 1,566

706,591 ' 7,827

i

380 312 996,058 528,562 495,067 265,265 306,176 1,780,577

839,636 452,762 75,615 35,801 10,861 7,921 10,827

381,463 1,001,854 534,365 504,546 273.398 319,764 2,443,218

0-99 18-35 9-79 9-24 5-01 5-86 44-76

841,632 i 58-40 454,929 31-56 76,382 5-30 36,461 2-53 11,188 0-78 8,265 0-57 12,393 0-86

Total.

4,752,017

1,433,423

5,458,608

100-00 ' 1,441,250 100-00

The Et^yptian agricultural year includes three seasons or crops. The leading winter crops, sown in November and harvested in May and June, are cereal produce of all kinds ; the principal summer crops, sown in March and harvested in October and November, are cotton, sugar, and rice ; the autumn crops, sown in July and gathered in September and October, are rice, maize, millet, and vegetables generally. In Lower Egypt and Fayum where perennial irrigation is eifected by means of a network of canals tapping the Nile and traversing the Delta in every direction, the chief crops are cotton, rice, Indian corn, wheat, barley, clover, cucumber ; in Upper Egypt, south of Deyrout, where tlie basin system of irrigation, i.e. submersion at high Nile is generally adhered to, cereals and vegetables are produced ; north of Deyrout the same conditions prevail as in Lower Egypt, except that no rice is grown. Where there is perennial irrigation two dv three crops are secured annually.

Extensive reservoir works, consisting of a dam at Aswan, a barrage and lock at Assiut, and a barrage at Zifta have been completed. The storage capacity of the reservoir is estimated at 1,065,000,000 cubic metres. It has been decided to raise the level of the Dam by 6 metres, and thus double its capacity. A new barrage constructed at Esna ensures adequate irrigation of a large area of rasin land even in a year of low Nile. North of Deyrout an area of approximately half a million acres has been converted from basin to perennial irrigation in the last ten years. The production of cotton in six years was : —

Year

Can tars

1906-07 1907-08 1908-09

6,949,383 7,234,669 6,751,133

Year

1909-10 1910-11 1911-12

Can tars

5,000,772 7,573,537 7,424,208

In 1912 the area and yield of wheat were 1,447,337 acres and 4,204,819 tons ; barley, 382,327 acres and 1,234,133 tons ; maize and millet, 1,925,087 acres and 9,352,941 tons ; and rice, 237,357 acres and 1,615,881 tons.

In 1912 the sugar ex] orted amounted to 240,475 cantars, valued at £E182,306, and the cotton exported amounted to 6,638,210 cantars, vahied at £E22,988,211 (1 cantar = 99-05 lbs).