Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/1288

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ROME, SEE AND CHURCH OF

drawn from every nation of Christendom, are now regarded as Princes of the Church at large. ^ Originally they were simply the parish rectors of Rome, or the deacons of Roman deaconries. In 1586 their number was finally settled by Sixtus V. at seventy. The Cardinals compose the Pope's Senate or Council and the various Sacred Congregations, govern the Church while the Apostolic See is vacant, and elect the deceased Pontiff's successor.- They received the distinction of the red hat under Innocent IV., during the first General Council of Lyons, in 1246 ; and the title ot Eminence from Urban VIII., in 1630. .^ ,. i .i.

In February, 1913, besides the Pope and the College of Cardinals, the upper Catholic Hierarchy throughout the world comprised 8 patriarchates of the Latin and 6 of the Oriental Rite, 190 archbishoprics of the Latin and 20 of the Oriental Rite, and 769 bishoprics of the Latin and 53 of the Oriental Rite. The list (during the present pontificate increased by 10 promotions of bishop- rics to archbishoprics, and 38 bishoprics) was as follows:—

I. Patriarchates.

Latin Rite .—1. Constantinople ; 2. Alexandria ; 3. Antioch ; 4. Jeru- salem ; 5. Venice ; 6. Lisbon ; 7. West Indies ; 8. East Indies.

Oriental Bite :—l. Antioch, of the Maronites ; 2. Antioch, of the Mel- chites; 3. Antioch, of the Syrians; 4. Babylon, of the Chaldseans ; 5. Cilicia, of the Armenians ; 6. Alexandria, of the Copts.

II. Archbishoprics.

Latin Rife : —

With Ecclesiastical Pro- vinces .... Without Provinces Oriental Rite : —

With Ecclesiastical Provinces : Armenian Rite Grseco-Rumanian Rite Graeco-Ruthenian Rite.

168

22

Under Patriarchs : Artnenian Rite. Grseco-Melchite Rite Syriac Rite Syro-Chaldaic Rite. Syro-Maronite K,ite.

210

III. Bishoprics.

Under Patriarchs :. Armenian Rite. Coptic Rite Grseco-Melchite Rite Syriac Rite. Syro-Chaldaic Rite Syro-Maronite Rite

85 684

15

9

5

10

2

822

Latin Rite : —

Immediately subject to the

Holy See Suffragan .... Oriental Rite: —

Immediately subject to the Holy See : Grseco-Ruthenian Rite. 1

Suffragan :

Graeco-Rumanian Rite. 3

Grseco-Ruthenian Rite. 6

Besides the above 1046 sees, 611 titular sees, and 24 abbacies and prela-

tures 'nuUius dioeceseos,' there are now 11 apostolic delegations, 155

1 The relative standing and precedence of a Roman Cardinal was athingof gi-adiial growth. In England, John Kemp, Archbishop of York, created Cardinal in 1439, was the first Cardinal who, simply as such and without being a Legate a latere, took precedence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. „ ^ ,., . ,..,,..,

2 Though any clerk, whether in or out of the College of Cardinals, is eligible to the supreme pontificate, yet from the decease of Pope Urban VI., who died in 1369, only Cardinals have been so elected. With him, moreover, with but one short exception, began the unbroken series of Italian Popes.