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 1118 PAEAGUAY

Books of Reference.

Foreign Office Reports. Annual Series. London. United States Consular Reports, Washington. Boletin de Estadistica. Monthly from Julj', 1907. Panama. Abbot (H. L.), Problems of the Panama Canal. London, 1005.

Arias (H.), The Panama Canal : A Study in International Law and Diplomacy. London, 1911.

Barbour (J. S.), History of William Paterson and the Darien Company. Edinburgh,

1907.

Barrett (John), The Panama Canal : What it is ; what it means. Washington, 1912.

Church (G. E.), Tlie Republic of Panama. In Geographical Journal for December, 1903, London.

Cornish (V.), The Panama Canal. Geographical Journal, February, 1909,

Edwards (A.), Panama, the Canal, the Country and the People. London, 1911.

Franck (H. A.), Things as they are in Panama. London, 1913.

2^mser (John Foster), Panama and What it Means. London, 1913.

Johnson {W. F.) Four Centuries of the Panama Canal. London, 1907.

Keane(A. H.), Central and South America. In Stanford's Compendium. London, 1901.

Lindsay (Forbes), Panama and the Canal To-day. London, 1912.

Oppenlieim (L.), The Panama Conflict between Great Britain and the United Slates of America. Cambridge and London, 1913.

Fennel (Joseph), Pictures of the Panama Canal. London, 1912.

Pensa (H.), La Republique et le Canal de Panama. Paris, 1900.

Rodriguez (J. C), The Panama Canal. London, 1885.

Waldo (F. L.), The Panama Canal Work and the Workers. New York, 1907.

Waldo (F. L.), Recent Progress at Panama. In the Engineering Magazine for October, 1910. New York.

Wegener, Der Panama Canal. From Velhagen and Klasing's Monatshefte, XVIII., 1903-04.

PARAGUAY.

(Republioa del Paraguay.) Constitution and Government.

The Republic of Paraguay gained its independence from Spanish rule in 1811, and after a short government by two consuls, the supreme power was seized, in 1815, by Dr. Jose Gaspar Rodriguez Francia, who exercised autocratic sway as dictator till his death, September 20, 1840. Dr. Francia's reign was followed by an interregnum, which lasted till 1842, when a National Congress, meeting at the capital Asuncion, elected Don Mariano Roque Alonso and Don Carlos Antonio Lopez, joint consuls of the Republic. Another Congress voted, March 13, 1844, a new Constitution, and, March 14, elected Don Carlos Antonio Lopez sole President ; he was continued by another election, March 14, 1857. At the death of Don Carlos, September 10, 1862, his son, Don Francisco Solano Lopez, born 1827, succeeded to the supreme power. President Lopez, in 1864, began a dispute with the Government of Brazil, the consequence of which was the entry of a Brazilian army, united with forces of the Argentine Confederation and Uruguay, into the Republic, June 1865. After a struggle of five years, in which Paraguay lost probably 500,000 men, Lopez was defeated and killed at the battle of Cerro Cora, March 1, 1870.

A new Constitution was proclaimed on November 25, 1870 The legisla- tive authority is vested in a Congress of two Houses, a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies, the executive being entrusted to a President, elected for the term