Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/1108

 986

ITALY

Statistics of Italian universities, 1910-11 : —

Date of

Date of

-_

Founda-

Students

—

Founda-

Students

tion

•.

tion

state Universities : —

Rome

1303

2,847

Bologna

1200

1,520

Sassari

1677

176

Cagliari

1626

243

Siena

1300

244

Catania

1434

1,048

Turin

1404

1,898

Genoa

1243

1,024

Free Universities : —

Macerata

1290

435

1 Camerino

1727

406

Messina

1549

1678

229 522

1 Ferrara

1391

490

Modena

Perugia

1276

350

Naples

1224

5,340

Urbino

1564

312

Padua

1222

1,333

University Courses

Palermo

1805

1,265

(Licei of Aquiia,

Parma

1502

435

Bari, Catanzaro).

—

144

Pavia

1300

1,137

1

Pisa.

1338

956

Total

22,354

There were, also, 35 schools of agriculture (1910-11) with 1,781 students; 3 schools of mining (1910-11) with 72 students; 85 industrial schools (1908-09) with 18,218 students ; 206 schools of design and mould' ing (1910) with 22,196 students ; 50 commercial schools (1910-11) with 6,903 students; 29 professional schools for girls with 6,565 students; 18 Covernraent fine art institutes (1910-11) with 2,559 students; and 13 non- Government with 1,162 students; 5 Government institutes and conserva- toires of music with 981 students, and 47 non-Government with 4,624 students.

Justice and Crime.

Italy has 5 Courts of Cassation, (4 of which have jurisdiction exclusively in civil matters), and is divided for the administration of justice into 20 appeal court districts, subdivided into 162 tribunal districts, and these again into mandamenti, each with its own magistracy (Pretura), 1,535 in all. In 12 of the principal towns there are also Pretori nrhani (14) who have jurisdiction exclusively in penal matters. For civil business,^ besides the magistracy above-mentioned, Conciliatori have jurisdiction in petty plaints.

The Pretori have jurisdiction concerning all uiisdemeauours (contravvenzioni) and offences (delitti) punishable by imprisonment (reclusion and detention) not exceeding three months, or banishment not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding 1,000 lire. The penal Tribunals have jurisdiction in the first instance in offences (delitti) for which the Code establishes a minimum penalty not exceeding five years of imprisonment and a maximum not exceeding ten years, or in offences punishable by a fine, exceeding 1,000 lire.

The Courts of Assize, which in all cases have juries, have jurisdiction in all proceed- ings concerning serious offences punishable by imprisonment for life (ergastolo), or by imprisonment (reclusion and detention) exceeding in the minimum five years, and in the maajiwium ten years. They have exclusive jurisdiction (save that the Senate is, on occasion, a high Court of Justice) concerning offences against the internal and external security of the State, and all press offences. Appeal is allowed to the penal Tribunals from the sentences of the Pretori, and to the Courts of Appeal from those of the penal Tribunals. There is no appeal from sentences of the Courts of Assize. The Court of Cassation has power to annul, for illegality, sentences passed by the inferior magistracy and to decide questions of jurisdiction or competency.