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 LUBECK 919

LUBECK.

(FrEIE UND HANSE-StADT LiJBECK.'^

The free city and State of Liibeck form a Republic, governed according to a Constitution proclaimed December 30, 1848 ; since revised up to July 17, 1907. There are two representative bodies — the Senate, exercising the executive, and the Biirgerschaft, or House of Burgesses, exercising, together with the Senate, the legislative authority. The Senate is composed of fourteen members, elected for life, and presided over by ene burgomaster, who holds office for two years. There are 120 members in the House of Burgesses, chosen by all citizens of the town. A committee of thirty burgesses, presided over by a chairman elected for one year, has the duty of representing the legislative assembly in the intervals of the ordinary sessions, and of carrying on all active business. The government is in the hands of the Senate, but the House of Burgesses has the right of initiative in all measures relative to the public expenditure, foreign treaties, and general legislation. To the passing of every new law the sanction of the Senate and the House of Burgesses is required.

The citv of Liibeck had (1910) 116,599 inhabitants. Marriages in the State (1911) 868; births, 2,769; deaths, 1,825; excess of births, 944; there were 308 illegitimate births, and 65 stillbirths.

On December 1, 1910, Protestants numbered 111,543, Roman Catholics 3,802, other Christians 276, Jews 623, and ' unclassified' 189. Education is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 14. There are (1912) 28 elementary schools (9 for boys, 9 for girls, 10 for either sex), with 11,209 pupils; for boys 1 gymnasium (650 pupils), 1 real gymnasium (612 pupils), 1 real school \586 pupils), 1 private higher school (433 pupils), and 2 public middle schools (1,846 pupils) ; for girls there are 1 public high school (568 pupils), 2 private high schools, 1 private middle school (708 pupils) and 2 public middle schools (1,365 pupils). There are also a public technical school for appren- tices, 1 architectural school, 1 naval school, 1 school for engineers of steamers, 1 pulDlic and 1 private commercial school, and 1 private technical school for women. Liibeck contains an Amtsgericht and a Landgericht, whence the appeal lies to the * Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht ' at Hamburg. In 1907 801 ;.1908, 1,006 ; in 1909, 862 and 1910, 883 criminals were convicted. In 1910, 3,097 persons received poor-relief from the City * Armen- Anstalt, ' which spent, in 1910, 301,245 marks (15,062Z.).

Estimated revenue and expenditure for 1912, 16,891,800 marks (844,590/.). About one-third of the revenue is derived from public domains, chiefly forests and industrial establishments ; and over one-third from direct taxation. Of the expenditure, one-sixth is on account of the public debt, 70,401,683 marks (3,520,084?.) in 1911.

Total imports into Liibeck, 1910, 4,417, OOOZ. ; total exports, 6,437,500/.

Number of vessels entered 1911, 3,258 of 862,641 tons ; cleared, 3,264 of 869,448 tons.

British Vice-Consul. — D. E. Wilhelm Eschenburg.

References.

Annual publications of the Handelskammer.