Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1913.djvu/1015

 GERMAN EAST AFRICA 898

are Sandwich Harbour, which is being gradually sanded up, and Angra Pequena, or Liideritz Bay. A new harbour has been constructed at Swakopmund. For farm purposes, crown lands and native lands have been disposed of to the extent of several millions of acres. Up to April 1, 1911, 1,141 farms of size varying according to the district from 5,300 to 31,800 hectares had been sold. There is, however, little agriculture, but market- gardening is common. Cotton cultivation has begun in the Outjo district ; viticulture, silk culture, and tobacco-growing are being tried. The government has experimental stations for agriculture, gardening, and forestry. The chief industry is pastoral In 1911, the live stock consisted of 144,445 cattle, 384,248 sheep, 10,257 angora goats, 384,986 other goats, 12,683 horses, 6,064 mules, 6,629 asses, 7,761 swine, 954 camels. Large herds and flocks of cattle and sheep belong to natives.

Copper has been found at Otavi and Otjizongati ; at Tsumeb, in the Otavi region, copper mining is carried on; 40,256 tons of copper ore were exported in 1910. Diamonds have been found near Liideritz Bay, and in 1912 766,465 carats were produced, valued at 968,423^. Gold has been found, but not in sufficient quantity of working, and marble, asbestos, graphite, and other minerals have been observed.

The revenue and expenditure for 1912 were put at 36,020,000 marks, 13,828,000 marks being Imperial contribution.

The total imports (including government imports) in 1911 amounted to 45,301,955 marks ; exports, 28,573,244 marks. In 1911 the imports com- prised cereals and flour, 13,267,000 marks; tobacco, 973,000 marks; beer 1,752,000 marks ; timber, 1,028,000 marks ; meat, 1,105,000 marks; textiles, 4,843,000 marks ; iron and iron-work, 10,713,000 marks. The chief exports were animal products, guano, and copper ore ; the last-named to the value of 5,697,000 marks. German imports, 3,634,000 marks ; exports to Ger- many, 20,693,000 marks. In 1910, 483 vessels of 1,328,356 tons entered at the ports of the colony.

There is a railway 'of 237 miles {gauge about 23f in. ) from Swakopmund to Windhoek, from Swakopmund to Tsumeb (359 miles), from Otavi to Grootfoutein. The Liideritz Bay-Keetmanshoop railway was completed in July, 1908. Total length open, 1,304 miles (1913). The State has bought the Otavi and Otavi-Grootfontein railways, the latter from the South- West Africa Company, and leases the line to tlie company for 30 years, reserving the right to terminate the lease in 20 years. The costs of the service on the 3 lines were in 1910, 6,507,000 marks; the receipts, 9,939,000 marks. The mining rights in the lands transferred to the State are to be a monopoly of the c'ompanv- A telegraph line connects Swakop- mund, Karibib, Okahandja and Windhoek, and a telephone system Avorks in connection with this line. The colony has 1,599,436 miles of telegraph line and 415 miles of telephone line. The Protectorate communicates with European countries by means of the Cape and Mossamedes cable which touches at Swakopmund.

British Consul— Y,. H. W. Muller.

German East Africa.

German sphere, East Africa, has a coast line of about 620 miles ; estimated area, 384,000 square miles. The Sultan of Zanzibar's rights over the narrow strip of coast territory were acquired by Germany in 1890 for a payment of 4,000,000 marks. The coast line extends from the mouth of the Umba to Cape Delgado, or (more accurately) to 10" 40' tt. lat. The German Empire is