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UNITED STATES

paternal or the maternal side, who were citizens of Hawaii immediately prior to the transfer of the sovereignty to the United States, are declared citizens of the United States. Prior to the transfer all Hawaiians of full age who could speak, read, and write either Hawaiian or English had the right to vote. The number of registered electors on Sept. 3, 1897, was 2687. For military purposes the Islands have been attached to the Depart- ment of California.

Area and Population The total area of the islands is 6640 square miles : namely, Hawaii, 4210 ; Maui, 760 ; Oahu, 600 ; Kauai, 590 ; Molokai, 270 ; Lanai, 150 ; Niihau, 97 ; Kahoolawe, 63 square miles. In 1896 the population num- bered 109,020 (72,517 males and 36,503 females). Of the total, 31,019 were natives, 8485 half-castes, 21,616 Chinese, 24,407 Japanese, 15,191 Portuguese, 3086 Americans, 2250 British, 1432 Germans, 378 Nor- wegians, 101 French, 455 Polynesians, and 600 other foreigners. The population comprised 7570 persons engaged in agriculture, 2100 in fishing and navigation, 2265 in the industries, 2031 in trade and transport, 2580 in liberal professions, 34,498 laborers, 4310 of various occupations, and 53,726 without regular occupation. The native population (closely allied to the Maories of New Zealand) is rapidly decreasing, while the foreign element is increasing.

COMPAKATIVE table of nationality or POPULATION OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AT VARIOUS CENSUS PERIODS SINCE 1S53

Nationality 1853 18661 1872 1878 1884 1890 1896 Natives. . . . 70,08G 57,125 49,044 44,088 40,014 34,436 31,010 Part Hawaiians. 983 1,640 1,487 3,420 4,218 6,186 8,4S5 Chinese. . . . 364 1,206 1,938 5,916 17,937 15,301 19,382 Americans .... 692 SS9 1,276 2,006 1,928 2,266 Hawaiian-born foreigners. 809 849 947 2,040 7,495 13,733 British. . . . 435 619 883 1,282 1,344 1,538 Portuguese 86 395 436 9,377 8,602 8,232 (jrcnnans . . . . 81 -2,988 224 272 1,600 1,434 912 French . . . . 60 88 81 192 70 75 Japanese . . . . 116 12.360 22,329 Norwegian .... 8 362 227 216 Other foreigners 80 364 666 416 419 424 Polynesian .... Totals . . . . 4 956 588 409 73,138 62,959 56,897 57,985 80,578 89,990 109,020

1 There was no complete division of nationalities noted in the census of 1866.