Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition.djvu/1419

 INSTRUCTION — JUSTICE AND CRIME

1063

The following are the statistics of the various classes of educational insti- tutions for 1896 :—

—

Schools

Teachers

Pupils

Infant schools .....

671

914

32,419

Primary schools .....

4,396

9,664

470,677

Secondary schools ....

484

1,293

33,451

Middle schools (preparatoiy)

32

759

9,284

Middle schools (not preparatory)

46

304

5,177

Normal schools (public and private).

38

411

2,453

Professional and industrial schools

212

—

—

There were also improvement schools for recruits with 71,069 pupils, private schools with 14,393, schools for girls with 3,887, gymnasia with 7,611, and higher schools with 5,662 pupils. At industrial schools in 1896 there were 4,244 pupils; at trade schools, 1,038; at agricultural, 508; at technical, 1,446 ; at veterinary, 96. The expenditure on instruction in 1896 was: by the State, 18,925,875 francs; by the communes, 21,655,274 francs; total, 40,591,149 francs.

There are five universities in Switzerland. Basel has a university, founded in 1460, and since 1832 universities have been established in Bern, Ziirich, and Geneva (1878). The academy at Lausanne was formed into a university in 1891. These universities are organised on the model of those of Germany, governed by a rector and a senate, and divided into four ' faculties ' of theology, jurisprudence, philosophy, and medicine. There is a Polytechnic School, maintained by the Federal Government, at Ziirich, with 841 regular pupils in 1896-97, 356 being foreigners. There are also academies with faculties similar to those of the Universities at Fribourg and Neuchatel. The follow- ing table shows the number of matriculated students in the various branches of study in each of the five universities and in the academies of Fribourg and Neuchatel in 1897 : —

—

Tlieology

Law

Medicine

Philosophy

Total

Teacliiiig Start-

Basel Ziirich Bern Geneva.

Lausanne. Fribourg , Neuchatel

49 23 29 66 38 132 18

44

81

149

118

151

70

14

152 317 195 248 111

199 267 276 275 147 99 63

444 688 649 707 447 301 95

85 99 88 79 47

33

355

627

1,023

1,326

3,331

431

Of the total> 1,526 students were foreigners. These numbers are exclusive of 542 'listeners.'

Justice and Crime.

The 'Bundes-Gericht,' or Federal Tribunal, which sits at Lausanne, con» sists of 14 members, with 9 supplementary judges, appointed by the Federal Assembly for six years, the President and V'ice- President, as such for two years. The President has a salary of 13,000 francs a year, and the other members 12,000 francs. Tlie Tribunal has two sections, to each of which is assigned the trial of suits in accordance with regulations framed by