Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition.djvu/1308

 952 RUSSIA

The gi-owth of the cotton industry is best seen from the following

Years

Spinning

Weaving

Printing and Dyeing

Finishing

Total

1880 1885 1893

Roubles

74,100,000

97,400,000

135 274,000

Roubles

99,700,000

98,000,000

160,935,000

Roubles 61,100,000 59,500,000 98,869,000

Roubles 5,500,000 3,300,000 3,122,000

Roubles 240,400,000 258,200,000 398,196,000

In 1889 the textile industries of Russia and Poland had 3,799,416 spindles and 191,290 looms. They were concentrated chiefly in the two governments of Moscow and Vladimir (yearly production 131,150,000 roubles, and more than one-half of the total cotton industry of Russia), Piotrkov in Poland (38,818,000 roubles), St. Petersburg (23,610,000 roubles), Kostroma and Esthonia (about 14,000,000 roubles each). The cotton industry proper is valued at 384,000,000 roubles per year.

The production of spirits in 1895-6 was 82,216,000 gallons of pure alcohol ; in 1896-97, 79,300,000 gallons. There were in 1897, 2,037 distilleries. There were (1893) 1,233 beer breweries and 528 meathe breweries. The former produced 87,282,100 gallons, while the production of the latter is quite insignificant.

Since the year 1894 the Crown undertook itself the retail selling of spirits, which is now introduced in 25 provinces.

There were 238 sugar works in Russia in 1898, and 992,980 acres were under beetroot. In 1896-97 the output of refined sugar was 636 890 tons.

Only g-J^ part of all corn exported from Russia during the last 4 years was exported in the shape of flour. There were in Russia and Poland, in 1895, 3,854 flour mills, each yielding more than 670 cwt. of flour per year. Their total })roduction was 35,100 tons per diem. There were 979 steam mills producing 1,076,000 tons of flour, and 4,020 water mills, 1,209,000 tons. Most of the latter have steam motors in reserve. Out of the above, 497 mills (1,000,000 tons) used rollers for grinding.

Commerce.

Tho following table gives the average yearly imports and exports of Russia for 1886-90, and for each of the years 1891 to 1897, in her trade with Europe, Asia, and Finland (bullion not included, nor the external trade of Finland) : —

Years

Exports

Imports

Paper roubles

Paper roubles

1886-90

675,200,000

415,100,000

1891

721,600,000

379,300,000

1892

489,409,718

403,879,940

1893

613,732,409

463,546,017

1894

668,752,915

559.571,718

1895

689,082,263

538,508,423

1891-95

628,000,000

469,000,000

1896

689,572,236

589,810,343

18971

704,222,000

508,5] 6,000

J European frontier and trade wjth Fijiland,