Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition.djvu/1084

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ITALY

From the accession of Martino V., 213th in the usual list of Roman Pontiffs, to Leone XIIL, 263rd in the list, the Popes have been as follows : —

No. in the list

213

214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238

Name of Pontiff

Martino V. Eugenio IV. . Niccolo V. Calisto in,. Pio 11. . Paolo IL Sisto IV. InnocenzoVIII. Alessandro VI. Pio III. . Giulio II. Leone X. Adriano VI. . Clemente VII. Paolo III. . Giulio III. . Marcello II. . Paolo IV. Pio IV. . PioV. . Gregorio XIII. Sisto V. UrbanoVII. . Gregorio XIV, Innocenzo IX. CleraenteVIII.

Nation-

Year of

No. in

ality

Election

the list

Italian

1417

239

1 3 5

1431

240

1 > J

1447

241

S})ani.sh

1455

242

i Italian

1458

1 243

1

1464

i 244

1471


 * 245

1484

! 246

Spanish

1492

247

Italian

1503

248

1503

249 !

3 )

1513


 * 250 '

Dutch

1522

' 251

Italian

1523

1 252

1534

253

1550

254

1555

255

,3

1555

256

1559

257

1566

258 i

1572

259

1585

260

1590

261

1590

262

1591

263

1 3 3

1592

1

Name of Pontiff

Leone XI. Paolo V. Gregorio XV. . Urbano VIII. Innocenzo X.. AlessandroVII. Clemente IX. Clemente X.. Innocenzo XI. AlessandroVII I Innocenzo XII. Clemente XI. InnocenzoXIII. BeuedettoXIII. Clemente XII. BenedeltoXIV. Clemente. XIII. ClementeXIV. Pio VI. . Pio VII. Leone XII. . Pio VIII. Gregorio XVI. Pio IX. . Leone XIII. .

Nation-

Year of

ality

Election

Italian

1605

1605

1621

t, ,

1623

s

1644

'

1655

1667

1670

,,

1676

1689

1691

1700

1721

1724

1730

1740

1758

i 33

1769

1

1775

1800

i 3,

1823

1

1829

1831

1846

1

1878

The Bishop of Rome, or Pope, bj^ Roman Catholics accounted Vicar of Jesus Christ upon earth and,' in that office, Successor of St. Peter, is the absolute and irresponsible ruler of the Roman Catholic Church, regarded as the whole Christian Church here below, Hisccc cathedra definitions on matters of faith or morals are held to be infallible, and against his judgments there is no appeal. Every baptized person is held to be spiritually subject to him, and his jurisdiction over such to be immediate. The Roman Pontiff has for advisers and coadjutors the Sacred College of Cardinals, consisting, when complete, of seventy meml)ers, namely, six cardinal-bishops, fifty cardinal- priests, and fourteen cardinal-deacons, but hardly ever comprising the full number. In January 1899 the Sacred College consisted of six cardinal- bishops, forty-five cardinal-priests, and five cardinal-deacons. The follow- ing list gives the names of these fifty-six cardinals : —