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GERMAN KMPlllK :— SAXONY

and five other members without restriction nominated by the King for life ; and the burgomasters of eight towns. The Lower Chamber is made up of thirty-seven deputies of towns and forty-five representatives of rural communes. The qualification for a seat in the Upper House is the possession of a landed estate worth at least 4,000 marks a year, and the qualification for the right of electing to the same, is the possession of a landed estate worth at least 3,000 marks a year ; which qualification, however, is not required by the ex-ojieio deputies of chapters and of the university. Members of the Lower House must be Saxon citizens over thirty, and pay at least 30 marks in direct State taxes; and electors of the ' Wahlmanner,' i.e., direct electors, are all men above twenty-five years of age who pay any direct contribution. The in- direct electors are divided into three classes ; the first consists of all electors who pay at least 300 marks, the second of those who pay at least 38 marks annual land tax, and the third of all the other electors. The members of both Houses, with the exception of the hereditary and certain of the ex- officio members, are each allowed 12 marks per day during the sittings of Par- liament, and an allowance for travelling expenses. Both Houses may propose new laws ; no taxes can be imposed, levied, or altered without the sane- tion of both.

The executive is in the King and in the Ministry of State {Gesammt' Minister iu7n), and in the separate Ministries of Justice, of Finance, of the Interior, of War, of Foreign AflTairs, and of Education and Ecclesiastical Afiairs.

Area and Population.

Saxony has an area of 14,992*94 square kilometres, 5,787 English square miles. The following table shows the area and population of the whole and of each of the four ' Kreishauptmannschaften,' or chief governmental divi-

sions : —

Kreishauptmannschaften

Area, Eng- lish Sq. Miles

Population.

Population

I'er Sq.

Mile

1895

Dec. 1890

Dec. 1895

Dresden

Leipzig ....

Bautzen,

Zwickau

Total ,

1,674

1,378

953

1,782

950,530

871,132

370,739

1,310,283

1,067,757 945,179 385,010

1,389,672

637-8 085 -9 404-1 779-8

5,787

3,502,684

3,787,688

654-5

In 1815, when the Kingdom received its present limits, the population was 1,178,802. The growth of the population since 1834 is shown in the follow- ins table : —

Density

Annual

Density

Annual

Year

Pqpulation

per Sq.

Increase

Year

Population

per Sq.

Increase

1,595,668

Mile

per Cent.

1875

Mile

per Cent.

\SU

272

__

2,760,586

471

1-99

1846

1,836,433

313

1-3

1880

2,972,805

507

1-54

1855

2,039,176

348

1-2 :

1885

3,182,003

543

1-41

1864

2,337,192

399

1-6

1890

3,502,684

605-3

2-00

1871

2,556,244

436

1-3 i

1895

3,787,688

654-5

1-63