Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1871.djvu/722

 686

JAVA.

all heathens and Mahometans being classed with natives. The former are generally under the laws of the dominant race, and the latter under the more stringent rules enacted for the government of the tribes held in subjection. The division of the whole population into two classes is a fundamental principle in the policy of the admi- nistration, and enacted in the code specifying the limits and con- ditions for future legislation in Netherlands' India. It is thereby- withdrawn from the competence of the Governor-General and all other local legislative powers, and entirely preserved from alteration, except by the paramount legislative authority of the King and States General of the Netherlands.

Trade and Commerce.

Almost the entire trade of Java is with the Netherlands, and there is comparatively little commercial intercourse with other countries.

The subjoined table gives the total value of merchandise and specie imported and exported at the Islands of Java and Madura, in each of the years 1862, 18G3, and 18G4 : —

Years

Imports of

Total Imports

Exports of

Total Exports

Merchandise

including Specie

Merchandise

including specie

1862. j Guil ders

44,349,193

46,243,633

43.077,737

51,970,233

3,695,766

3,853,636

3,589,811

4,330,853

1863. | Guilder J

41,783,983

45,239,213

42,815,396

50,847,439

3,481,998

3,769,934

3,567,949

4,237,286

, n „. ( Guilders 1864 . | £

36,314,688

37,835,248

44,882,224

55,986,527

3,026.224

3,152,937

3,740,185

4,665,544

The principal articles of export from Java are sugar, coffee, rice, in- digo, and tobacco. The value of the sugar exported in 18(54 amounted to 20,350,965 guilders, of which 18,297,951 guilders went to the Netherlands. Of coffee, the exports in the same year amounted to 5,821,797 guilders ; of rice, to 4,443,644 ; of indigo, to 2,006,866, and of tobacco, to 1,812,638 guilders. With the exception of rice, about one-half of which was shipped for Borneo and China, nearly four-filths of these exports went to the Netherlands.

The subjoined table shows the value of the trade of Java with the United Kingdom in each of the five years 1865 to 1869: —

Tears

Exports from Java to Great Britain

Imports of British Home Produce into Java

1865 1866 1867 1868 1869

£

226

8,152

13,773

75,290

199,467

£

927,755

1,725,558

1,329,040

834,193

660,237