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POKTUGAL.

century, at which period Affonso, an illegitimate son of King Jofio or John I., was created by his father Duke of Braganza and Lord of Guimaraens. When the old line of Portuguese kings, of the House of Avis, became extinct by the death of King Sebastian, and of his nominal successor, Henrique ' the Cardinal,' Philip II. of Spain took possession of the country, claiming it in virtue of his descent from a Portuguese princess; but in disregard of the fundamental law of the kingdom, passed by the Cortes of Lamego in 1139, which excluded all foreign princes from the succession. After bearing the Spanish rule for more than half a century, the people of Portugal revolted, and proclaimed Don Joao, the then Duke of Braganza, as their king, he being the nearest heir to the throne, though of an illegitimate issue. The Duke thereupon assumed the name of Joao IV., to which Portuguese historians appended the title ' the Fortunate.' From this Joao, through many vicissitudes of family, the present rulers of Portugal are descended. For two centuries the members of the line of Braganza kept up the ancient blood alliances with the reigning house of Spain ; but the custom was broken through by the late Queen Maria II., who, by a union with a Prince of Coburg, entered the great family of Teutonic Sovereigns. Luis I. is the second Sovereign of Portugal of the line of Braganza- Coburg.

Luis I. has a civil list of 365,000 milreis, or about 82,000/. ; but His Majesty returns annually 26,000 milreis to the public exchequer, to be employed for educational purposes. The expenses of the Avhole Court, including the allowance to King Ferdinand and the other princes, amount to 675,000 milreis, or nearly 152,000/. King Luis has settled upon his consort, Queen Pia, sixty contos of reis, or 14,000/., from his own civil list, declining a proffered grant from the funds of the nation.

The following is a list of the Sovereigns of Portugal since its conquest from the Moors : —

I. House of Burgundy

A.D.

a.d.

Affonso V.. 'the African'

1438

Henri of Burgundy

1095

Joan II., 'the Perfect'.

1181

Affonso I.

1112

Manoel ....

1495

Saneho I.

1185

Joan III.

1521

Affonso II., 'the Fat'.

1211

Sebastian

1557

Saneho II., ' Capel '

1223

Enrique ' the Cardinal '.

1578

Affonso III. .

1248

Diniz, ' the Farmer '

1279

III. Interval of Submission to

Spain.

Affonso IV.

1.325

Philip II.

15SCI

Pedro, ' the Severe '

1357

Philip III. .

1590

Ferdinando I.

1367

Philip IV.

1623

II. House of Avis.

IV. House of Braganza

Joan I., ' tlie Great '

1385

Joan IV., 'the Fortunate'

into

Eduardo

1433

Affonso VI

1656