Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1871.djvu/339

 CnURCH OF ROME.

303

Year of

Name

Offloe or dignity

Nationality

Year of birth

Nomina- tion

Cardinal Priests — cont.

Lorenzo Barili.

■

„

1801

1868

Giuseppe Berardi.

Minister of Finance

,,

1810

1868

Giovanni Moreno

Arehbp. of Valladolid

Spanish

1817

1868

Kafiu-le La Valletta.

Italian

1837

1868

Cardinal Deacons : — ,

Giacomo Antonelli

Minister of State

Italian

1806

1847

Prospero Caterini

Preft. of Congregation

„

1795

1853

Gasparo Grasselini

,,

1769

1856

Teodulo Mertel ,

Pres. Council of State

u

1806

1858

Domanico Consolini.

Preft. of Propaganda

,,

1806

1866

Edoardo Borromeo

u

1822

1868

Ann i bale Capalti

>t

1811

1868

The cardinals are Princes of the Church. In the early ages the cardinals were the principal priests of the churches in Rome or deacons of districts. In the eleventh century they numbered but twenty- eight ; and it was in modern times that the number was raised to seventy. When assembled the cardinals form the Sacred College, compose the Council of the Pope, preside at special and general congregations, and govern the Church so long as the Ponti- fical throne is vacant. They received the distinction of the red hat under Innocent III., during the Council of Lyons, in 1245; and the purple from Boniface VIII., in 1294. The great Catholic Powers propose a certain number of prelates to be named by the Pope, and these are known as Cardinals of the Crown.

The upper Catholic Hierarchy throughout the world includes 7 Patriarchates of the Latin Rite, and 5 of the Oriental Rite, with Patriarchal Jurisdiction; 132 Archbishoprics of the Latin Rite, and 7 of the Oriental Rite ; and 6G0 Bishoprics of the Latin and 63 of the Oriental Rite. There are besides 284 titular Archbishoprics, and Bishoprics or Sees ' in partibusf infidelium.' According to the Annuario PontijiGio of 1870, the Hierarchy comprises —

I. Patriarchates. Of the Latin Rite;—

1. Constantinople, %. Alexandria, 3. Antioch, 4. Jerusalem, 5. Venioe, 6. West Indies, 7. Lisbon. Of the Oriental Site, with Patriarchal Jurisdiction : —

1. Antioch, of the Melchite Greeks {Anliochen, Melchitarum) ; 2. Antioch, of the Maronites (Antioehen. Maronitarum) ; 3. Antioch, of the Syrians Antiochen. Syrortiiu); 4. Babylon of the Chaldeans \Babylonen. Chaldceorum); 0,. Cilicia, of the Armenians (CUicics Armenorum).

II. Archbishoprics. Latin Rite:—

Immediately subject to the Holy See. . . . .12 "With Ecclesiastical provinces 120