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CHEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

10,907,062 tons in 1868 ; and to 10,744,945 tons in 1869. The declared value of these exports was 1,087,122/. in 1847 ; 1,302,473/. in 1851 ; 2,826,582/. in 1856 ; 3,604,790/. in 1861 ; 4,165,773/. in 1864; 4,427,177/. in 1865; 5,102,805/. in 1866; 5,352,525/. in 1868 ; and 5,069,574/. in 1869. The quantities and value of the exports of coal to the chief markets were as follows in the year 1869:—

Coal Exports to

ToilS

864,949

France .....

1,992,844

Germany .....

1,402,995

564,092 i

Russia .....

621.643

298,973

Italy

603,244

279,843

Denmark .....

545,478

234,368

Egypt

434,984

224,529

Spain .....

402,540

210,275

British India ....

278,379

138,331

Sweden .....

263,887

119.195

Turkey

261,486

135,883

Cuba

259,419

126,212

Netherlands ....

245,034

113,690

Brazil

230,143

132,653

British North America

192,558

87,886

Norway .....

184,754

75,304

Portugal .....

169,828

82,97S

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The coal exports to all other countries were, in each case, under 150,000 tons in the year 1869.

5. Railways.

From the opening of the first railway, in 1825, till the end of 1850, a period of a quarter of a century, 6,621 miles of lines were constructed in the United Kingdom, being at the rate of 265 miles per annum. At the end of 1860, the length of lines opened for traffic was 10,433, showing an increase of construction at the rate of 381 miles per annum. At the end of 1867 there were 14,247 miles open for traffic ; the increase presenting an average of 545 miles per annum. It appears from a return to an order of the House of Commons, dated the 28th of June, 1869, and issued in the session of 1870, that the amount of share and loan capital raised for rail- ways in England and Wales was, up to the end of 1868, 425,161,506/., including 11,784,089/. subscribed to other companies. This did not include, however, the capital of 72 authorised companies who made no return, although. they were several times requested to do so by the Board of Trade. The amount of share and loan capital raised for railways in Scotland amounted at the same date to 59,375,372/., including subscriptions to other companies of 1.741,722/. The