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GERMANY — BAYAMA.

It will be seen that there was in the financial year 1865-66 a deficit of 7,218,028 florins, or 601,502/., which was to be provided for from the proceeds of the. loan of June 24, 1866.

The financial estimates for 1866-67 and 1867-68 provided for a revenue of 72,000,000 florins, or about 6 millions sterling, while the estimates for 1868-69 — drawn up on a different plan, so as to give the net, instead of the gross receipts and disbursements — set down the revenue as 58,508,588 florins, or 4,875,715/. In the budget of 1868-69, as in that of preceding years, the estimates of expenditure were made out to be covered exactly by the receipts.

Bavaria has a considerable debt, created in part by the deficits of former years, and in part by the construction of public works, espe- cially railways.

The subjoined table gives the total amount of the debt of the kingdom, distinguishing the Ordinary and the Railway Debt, the accounts of which are kept separate, from 1853 to 1867, on the 1st of January of each year : —

Years

Ordinary Debt

Railway Debt

Total

Florins

Florins

Florins

£

1853

131,418,158

53,743,000

185,161,558

15,430,130

1854

129,386,602

66,703,700

196,090,302

16,340.858

1855

134.045,964

72,369,700

206,415,664

17,201,305

1858

122,839,495

88,643,834

211,483,529

17,623,629

1859

123,280,680

90,913,134

316,493,364

26,374,447

1862

136,293,375

104,735,559

342,903,514

28,575,292

1867

209,874,601

146,156,600

356,031,201

29,669,267

The greater number of the railways in Bavaria, constructed at a cost of 146 million florins, are the property of the State. The net revenue derived from them in the year 1866 amounted to 5,909,501 florins, or 492,458/.

Army and Population.

The armed force of the kingdom comprised, previous to the treaties of November 1870, which brought them, subject to certain stipulations (see p. 99), under the general military organisation of the Empire, the permanent army, the army of reserve, and the Landwehr, or militia. All men, from the age of 21, are liable to serve, but the sons of the nobility and of superior employes in the service of the State have the privilege of entering the military school of cadets. The period of service, according to the law of' army- reorganisation passed Jan. 30, 1868, is eleven years, of which three have to be spent in the permanent army, three in the army of reserve, and five in the Landwehr.